Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
animal testing ethical issue
negative impact animal testing
ethical considerations of animal testing
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: animal testing ethical issue
The practice of using animals for testing has been a controversial issue over the past thirty years. Animal testing is a morally debated practice. The question is whether animal testing is morally right or wrong. This paper will present both sides of this issue as well as my own opinion. Approximately two to four million animals have been used in safety tests. Safety tests are conducted with a wide range of chemicals and products, including drugs, vaccines, cosmetics, household cleaners, and packing materials. This raises issues such as the ethics and humaneness of deliberately poisoning animals, thus harming them, for the sake of marketing a new cosmetic or household product. The Humane Society of the United States promotes research methods that can potentially replace, reduce, or refine animal use so that animals experience less suffering. An opinion poll was taken by the HSUS on September 23, 2001 on pain and distress in research. The findings were that 62% of people would approve of testing if little or no pain was experienced by the animals, while 75% disapprove when severe pain is experienced. There is a moral blind spot in the treatment of animals that enable us to justify the cruelties for the perceived benefits of humans. Animals are living things. They have lungs which breathe, hearts which beat, and blood that flows. In fact, animals sense of smell, sight, and sound is much more acute than our own. Therefore, we can assume that their sensitivity to pain is at least equal to ours. According to Hippocrates, “The soul is the same in all living creatures, although the body of each is different.” This can go with the Duty Theory that states that every individual gets treated the same. The intentions of animal testing is not to harm the animals, but that is exactly what it does. In opposition of Hippocrates, others believe animals cannot be entitled to rights because they have no understanding and that testing on them is a necessity. A treatment to prevent scarring and loss of vision after glaucoma surgery will soon be tried on patients. This was made possible using rabbits. Following successful studies on mice and rats, a vaccine for malaria is now being tested on people. There is a wealth of evidence showing that animal “models” are not accurate and cannot be relied upon for safety testing and disease research. Scientists and doctors recognize that while animals are biologically very similar to human beings, they are not identical.
The article provides specific examples of illnesses and diseases which have been cured by animal testing that both humans and animals have benefitted. This supports my topic of animal experiments being used for medical advancements. Pointing out that law often requires that products be tested before being sold to the public, George and Wagner additionally help prove my claim that product testing is a purpose of animal experimentation.
I cannot imagine what was going on in the mid of President James Madison the Commander in Chief of the United states during the war of 1812. Some of you may refer to the war of 1812 as the American and British war; some refer to as being the second American war of independence. I will explain to you the significance of the Peace Treaty Ghent. The positive results of the Peace Treaty, and how it
The War of 1812 has often been called America’s forgotten war. Wedged between the Revolutionary and Civil War, its causes, battles, and consequences are unknown to most Americans. The major causes of the War of 1812 were a series of economic revisions passed by the British and French against the United States as unintended consequences of the Napoleonic Wars and American unhappiness at the British practice of impressment, especially after the Chesapeake incident of 1807. In response to the 1806 British Orders in Council, which hurt American trade, the US (under Thomas Jefferson) first tried various retaliatory embargoes against the British. However these embargoes hurt the US far more than they did Britain, angering American citizens and helping the cause of War Hawks (people who favored going to war) in Congress like Henry Clay. In 1812, after defeating DeWitt Clinton in the presidential election, James Madison asked Congress to declare war against Britain which they did. There were numerous battles fought in Canada, and the Northern United States, as well as naval battles, but neither side could gain a definitive advantage. By mid 1814, the War of 1812 was becoming more costly and had lasted longer than either side had anticipated. Britain, which had other issues to deal with, chief among them the Napoleonic Wars, began to look for a way to get out of the war. In the Belgian city of Ghent American negotiators met with British diplomats. After considerable argument the treaty of Ghent was signed, officially ending the war.
King, D. C. (2002). New orleans: One of the most brilliant victories. Retrieved March 24, 2012 from the EBSCO Database.
There were various battles that were fought as a result of the War of 1812. While American proved to not be successful in all of these battles, they ultimately won the good fight. There were many major battles that affected the war for either side in a dramatic way. The battle of Lake Champlain, Battle of Lake Erie, Battle of Fort McHenry, Battle of Washington DC, the Battle of New Orleans, the Battle of Thames, the Battle of Baltimore, as well as the Battle at Niagara River. For one, both the Battle of Thames and the Battle of Champlain allowed ...
Although America did not win The War of 1812, due to the Battle of Lake Erie, they did not lose it. The war was caused by the impressment of American soldiers, blockades on American trade, and Indian slaughters on the American frontier. James Madison launched The War of 1812 so that the United States would not be taken advantage of, but by doing so, he took on an army fifty times bigger than his own. When it looked like America would lose the war, Oliver Hazard Perry turned the tables and won the deciding battle that allowed James Monroe to sign the Treaty of Ghent and bring peace to the two countries. Although the original conflicts were not solved, they dissipated over time. The War of 1812 may not have solved many problems, but it proved to American’s that they could stand together and prevail over injustice.
Throughout history, beginning as early as 500 BC, animals have been used to test products that will later be utilized by humans (“Animal Testing” 4), what isn’t publicly discussed is the way it will leave the animals after the process is done. Many innocent rabbits, monkeys, mice, and even popular pets such as dogs are harmed during the testing application of cosmetics, medicine, perfumes, and many other consumer products (Donaldson 2). Nevertheless, there are many people whom support the scandal because "it is a legal requirement to carry out animal testing to ensure they are safe and effective” for human benefit (Drayson). The overall question here is should it even be an authorized form of experimentation in the United States, or anywhere else? The fact of the matter is that there are alternatives to remove animals out of the equation for good (“Alternatives” 1). They are cheaper, and less invasive than the maltreatment of the 26 million innocent animals that are subjected to the heartlessness of testing each year (“Animal Testing” 4). All in all, due to the harsh effects of animal testing, it should be treated as animal cruelty in today’s society.
Every year, more and more diseases and sicknesses need cures. The need for new medicine and treatments procedures causes animal research to increase. People that are involved in the fight for animal rights say that the animals should be protected just like humans. However, animal testing can find cures for deadly sick humans, which is more important than the very rare unfair abuse to animals. Animal testing should be allowed because although it can be bothersome to some animals, the outcomes are exaggerated, it creates procedures, and it helps find a cure to human health problems.
The term animal testing refers to procedures performed on living animals for purposes of research. The testing is used to research basic biology and diseases, to evaluate the efficiency of new medicinal products, and test the human health and environmental safety of consumer and industry products such as cosmetics, household cleaners, food additives, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals. All procedures, even those classified as “mild,” have the potential to cause the animals physical as well as psychological distress and suffering. Often the procedures can cause a great deal of suffering. Most animals are killed at the end of an experiment, but some may be reused in subsequent experiments (Humane Society, 2016). Animal testing is by no
Current animal testing has been a contentious subject ever since it started off 150 years back. Although a lot of people discover animal testing inhumane and egoistic, it is a important factor to boost our understanding of medication and to improve our understanding of science. Animal testing, to some, is the way to ameliorating our level of living and preserving many lives, and therefore has many benefits. On the other hand, the negatives may not be passed, and scientists are constantly trying to decrease the damages with some methods they create in the process. Even so, to the dismay of numerous animal lovers in addition to those who are endeavoring for animal rights, animal testing will not be stopped every time soon because, for now, it is the most trustworthy form of testing that includes the safety of daily products we use more carefully than any other procedure.
January 1st, 1959, W.M.S. Russell and R.L. Burch describes how there should not be a lot of animal testing. Russell and Burch publish “The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique,” which introduces the principles of Refinement, Reduction, and Replacement which are called the Three R’s. Reduction explained that people should use fewer animals in experiments. Replacement explained the use of non-animal alternatives over animals whenever possible. Refinement explained how people should use techniques to alleviate or minimize the invasive procedures that could potentially cause pain, suffering or distress, and to the enhancement animal welfare for the animals still used. The testing of animals have been going on for a long time and even some people have tried to help animals have less extreme conditions while being tested on. There are cases when animals are being treated badly, The Huntington Life Science was beating the anim...
“Animal testing has its flaws and its benefits and results in helping humans while harming animals. Animal advocates claim that this act is extremely inhumane and unjust to animals; yet, are we doing the right thing? Are humans so much more important than animals? Is an animal’s life worth less than a human’s? These are all questions we will have to ask ourselves when we take our next vaccine or medicinal
Animal cruelty from an experimentation standpoint to aid in the advancement of medicine is a down right abomination. Thus, animal experimentation should be banned as it is an immoral practice done on animals that are unable to fend for one’s self. Animal experimentation is one of the largest practices in the United States in aiding in ways to benefit science whether it’s to cure an ailment or just preserving the life of someone. “Each year over 100 million animals to include mice, rats frogs, dogs, cats, rabbits, hamster, guinea, pigs, monkey, fish, and birds are killed in the Unites States. These animals are killed in laboratories, for biology lessons, medical training, curiosity driven experimentation, chemical, food, drug, and cosmetic
Medicine, household products, cosmetic, and food has been tested and put into shelves to sell for our own kind. Animal testing, a way to enable lifesaving treatments for both humans and animals. They test on animals to see if it will cause harm or not when using. Not all things are tested on animals. Fine print labels that states that they don’t test on animals and the leaping bunny are products that do not use animals for testing. “Should animal testing be stopped?” A question that is still asked today, which has separated people in to groups of what they believe and what it should be done. The point of my paper will be to first explain animal testing, then I will state some of the good things and some of the bad things of animal testing.
One of the main reasons that animal testing is bad is because it inflicts pain on animals. Although there are regulations in place, cruelty to these animals still occurs (PETA). The main regulator of animal testing is the AWA or the Animal Welfare act. This act only really regulates the housing and transportation of animals. This does make the conditions for the animals somewhat better, but with there being no regulation on the experiments themselves most of the cruelty still occurs. Thousands of animals are harmed each and every year from experiments on products that make our lives so comfortable. To be exact there were 436,892 animals that had pain inflicted on them during experiments in 2010. Another alarming fact is that 97,123 of these animals received no aide in order to make the pain go away (ProCon). Many tests that are done to animals are inhumane and cruel. One of these would be a draize test. This test is done in order to test the skin and eye irritation caused by cosmetics. This may be done by an animal’s whole body restrained and their eyelids being clipped open in order for researchers to see the effects that their products have on animals (Helfer). Another gruesome test done in these experiments is testing of healing. In this test the animal may be burned and cut to understand how the animals heal. Another test that is commonly used is the LD50 test. That stands