Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
What does direct democracy have in common with representative democracy?
creation vs evolution arguments
creation vs evolution arguments
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Direct and Indirect Representation
Living in a democratic society, we as Americans have the right to vote on just about all aspects of our lives. The votes that we cast either have a direct or an indirect representation of our beliefs. In cases such as city and statewide laws, our beliefs are directly represented; in all national and organizational matters our votes have an indirect impact. The decisions are made by elected officials who we vote into office to represent our beliefs. One example of this indirect representation can be found in any citywide school board where the elected members make decisions on everything ranging from teacher employment to class curriculum. It is debatable whether, on situations as sensitive as class curriculum, we should be directly involved in such decisions or have them made for us by our elected officials. As we will find, however, class curriculum is something that must continue to be an indirect representation of the public’s beliefs, rather than the direct result of a democratic vote.
The people we have voted onto the school board were elected because they have the education and experience to make the decisions that the public is not qualified to make. They try, to the best of their abilities, to represent us with their decisions, but no matter what there will always be people who are not satisfied. In some instances the school board must make a decision which the majority of people will not agree with, but nonetheless will benefit our children. Our representatives have done the research and the public has not, which is why the public should not make judgement calls on the importance and relevance of certain materials and subjects within our school systems. An example of what happens when the public is allowed to decide can be found in the case of evolution vs. creationism. Some states have, in the past, outlawed the teaching of evolution because the public didn’t agree with it, even though almost all scientists had accepted it. The children in school at that time were deprived of important information. There is no reason why a scientifically recognized subject should be banned from schools simply because the public doesn’t “agree” with it.
Our society is obligated to keep our citizens informed. A direct vote on class curriculum only perpetuates the older generation’s perspective, as their children grow up to take their place.
The ability for all children from varying walks of life to receive a well-rounded education in America has become nothing more than a myth. In excerpt “The Essentials of a Good Education”, Diane Ravitch argues the government’s fanatical obsession with data based on test scores has ruined the education system across the country (107). In their eyes, students have faded from their eyes as individual hopefully, creative and full of spirit, and have become statistics on a data sheet, percentages on a pie chart, and numbers calculated to show the intelligence they have from filling out bubbles in a booklet. In order for schools to be able to provide a liberal education, they need the proper funding, which comes from the testing.
The results of low proficiency test scores that affect student’s academic performance have encouraged political activist and parents to speak out to state legislatures for permission to change their school’s leadership. In California, the “parent trigger” concept has encouraged parents to create a petition that insist on the option of closing a school, firing, reorganizing faculty and/ or
In theory, responsibility for operating the public education system in the US is local. In fact, much of the local control has been superseded, and state legislation controls financing methods, academic standards, and policy and curriculum guidelines. Because public education is separately developed within each state, variations exist from one state to another.
For as long as any American can remember, education has been a top priority of the majority of the population. The more schooling a child receives, the brighter their future becomes. Everyone wants their child to be successful in and out of the classroom, and the government has been working to make sure of this in schools nationwide. Over the years, a series of programs have been implemented to better the education of elementary and secondary students, including the No Child Left Behind Act, establishing guidelines and requirements that public schools are expected to follow and accomplish in order to provide a quality education to all of their students. But are these plans, policies, and promises working? Are the goals and objections being reached by each school as expected? Although some may argue that the No Child Left Behind Act has some positive aspects, overall, it is not working because some teachers have studied the outline of standardized tests, reworking their curriculums to teach students what they need to know in order to reach the required standards and students’ learning abilities, socioeconomic status’, and native languages are generalized into a single curriculum.
Based on my experience, there are few topics that can initiate a heated debate like whether or not controversial issues should be addressed in public school. This sentiment is shared by Sleeter and Stillman (2013), “For over a century, curriculum in the United States has periodically surfaced as a lightning rod for debate about what schools should do, and more broadly, about basic values and beliefs about how young people should view society, and what adults expect of them as they enter the adult world.” (p. 253) Most school administrators and staff are apprehensive about how to address or even if they should include politically charged topics in their district curriculum. There is an overwhelming fear of criticism and backlash from parents, the school board and community. Additionally, there is uncertainty about when to make time to teach hot issue topics, how to ensure that adequate time is spent discussing them and how to ensure consistency of information. The null curriculum as explained by Eisner (1985) describes what students miss by not addressing certain topics in the classroom, “the options students are not afforded, the perspectives they may never know about, much less be able to use, the concepts and skills that are not part of their intellectual repertoire.” (p. 107) There are many factors that contribute to why local districts choose not to address curricular topics that are political, religious or sexual in nature. An unsupportive administration, parental pushback, a primary focus on assessment results, lack of resources and time are all considered contributing factors and as long as these barriers exist, districts will continue to be wary of addressing these issues in the classroom.
Nation policy has been at the forefront of educational reform for decades and lacks effective initiatives to move the education system forward. The U.S Education Reform and National Security report outlines the national initiatives that have taken place to reform the education system. From Goals 2000, to No Child Left Behind (NCLB), to Race To The Top, and Finally Common Core these initiatives have fallen flat for the most part. These policies are riddled with worldviews and common values, also apparent are some key philosophies of education that have identified over time. Although policies are established to benefit the education system, the implementation of some these initiatives has been nothing but headaches at the state and local levels,
Some people may think that parents and teachers can never be on the same side and they will always argue, but that is false. The parents and teachers can vote and not have to argue all of the time. There will always be parents and teachers who disagree, but there is always a winner based on the percentage and number of votes. Parents do know what is best for their kids, not random people in the community. The community as a whole should not vote to ban books, the parents and teachers should.
Throughout the history of education there have been several questions as to how a school should conduct itself and who has the most say: the students, the parents, or the school board? In several arguments, debates, and even court cases it seems that these three factions of schools have disagreeing views with each other. For the most part, citizens can agree that students are the central subjects of a school, otherwise they would not exist. However, does that mean that the students have the right to choose what is taught or presented to them in school? As stated in the scenario, nine possibly offensive books were the subjects of complaining parents. The school board then removed the books, but the students sued the board for doing so based on the belief that the action was a hindrance to the right of free expression. In response, the school board stated that their actions were justifiable because they were doing their job by determining education policy. Therefore based on the readings
Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the American educational system has undergone much transition in response to our changing society. Though there have been many problems raised throughout the years in regard to what our school systems should be teaching our children, there have also been many developments.
(2014) exclaimed that why do 62 percent of parents think the Common Core is not perfect for their kids, despite it has fascinated some entrepreneurs such as Bill Gates and the secretary of education. In a case in point, parents should get more involved in the education of their children if they do not approve of measures being used. She agrees to the idea of a federal government using incentives to adopt their specific education program, but then again she only sees that parents complaining and not taking action. In another context, “parents have no choice about whether their kids will learn Common Core, no matter what school they put them in, if they want them to go to college, because the SAT and ACT are being redesigned to fit the new national program for education”. (Pullmann, J. 2014, September 24, p. 1). In fact, Porter (1989) states that the Common Core standards became as opposing to teachers and teaching occupation, and the tactics are not good strong enough for enabling teachers to be dependent. The teacher is often understood to be the planned without rules. Moreover, some voices against the criticism of the common core, they believe that it is meaningless because districts are still permitted to select which material goes out with stem the basis stated by the Common Core
In the article “What Does It Mean to Educate the Whole Child?” Nel Noddings attempts to provide a deeper insight on what it means to educate the whole child. According to the article, public schools in the United States are currently facing a huge pressure to provide students with thorough and efficient education. In this connection, a program known as No Child Left Behind (NCLB) has endeavored to ensure that efficient education is provided to all minority children, especially the many who are in the inner-cities. Notwithstanding this endeavor, individuals from some quarters have criticized NCLB by claiming that it is an unfunded mandate since it comes up with costly demands without providing necessary resources to meet them. In effect, among
ABSTRACT: The lofty ideals of the classical notion of paideia, and the restatement of those principles in 1982 by Mortimer Adler and the 'paideia group' remain an unfulfilled promise in terms of the actualities of public education in the United States. The notion of an educational system for all students built upon a rigorous curriculum manifesting a framework of values to be acted out in the public and democratic forum continues to have great attraction for educators. Indeed, the notion of paideia continues to carry a sense of urgency as it should. However, the actual task of creating systems devoted to these ideals has run headlong into a political labyrinth generated by the conflict between conservative (technical/authoritative) political thought and liberal (teaching/learning theory) application. The political seductiveness of the trend towards 'standardization' currently in vogue throughout the United States (both locally and nationally) works counter to the classroom-centered/teacher-student encounter needed to educate students capable of interacting meaningfully in their social and political world. The use of the 'standard' to teach and to measure students carries the authority of the technical and reinforces the stereotype of intellectual elitism. To bring balance to this conflict and create an apolitical design requires attention to the meditative role of the teacher and the nature of learning.
This book, Dare The School Build a New Social Order by George Counts, is an examination of teachers, the Progressive Education Movement, democracy and his idea on how to reform the American economy. The book is divided into 5 different sections. The first section is all about the Progressive Education Movement. Through this, George Counts points out many downsides and weaknesses of this ideal. He also talks about how he wants teachers to lead society instead of following it. In the second section, he examines 10 widespread fallacies. These fallacies were that man is born free, that children are born free, they live in a separate world of their own, education remains unchanged, education should have no bias, the object of education is to produce professors, school is an all-powerful educational agency, ignorance rather than knowledge is the way of wisdom, and education is made to prepare an individual for social change.
Before the education system was implemented in the U.S., many political figures “wanted to create a national culture and qualified politicians for a republican government” (Spring, 2014, p. 10). Thomas Jefferson was the first to propose “an education, but with limited access for the whole population” (p. 11). On the other hand, Horace Mann called the father of the public schools believed that education was essential to reforming the society and one “important idea was that all children in society attend the same type of school. The school was ideally the common place for all children” with the philosophy of equal opportunity for all (p. 12); however, many were the debates at that time, how to incorporate education in an unfair society. That is why the big question about the U.S. education system is: what are the political and social goals of education since then to now?
'All we lack is the will- the will to see that the greatest threat is not change, but our continued resistance to it.'; These words, expressed by the late, Senator Edward Kennedy, display perfectly how our society is reluctant to change when a change is needed. Any change or variation, be it in education, personal attitudes, or traditions can be difficult to achieve. One specific area of our society that is disinclined to change is the social unrest that plagues public schools. The results of this unrest come in the forms of emotional instability for students that may or may not lead to murder.