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alfieris role in a view from the bridge
a view from the bridge arthur miller
how does miller present dramatic effectivenes in a view from the bridge
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Tension in Arthur Miller’s A View From The Bridge
The whole of this play involves symbolism, on many different levels.
The end scene, in which Eddie takes his own life with his own knife,
is symbolic of the self-destructive nature that led to such an ending.
As Arthur Miller wished to write 'a modern Greek tragedy´ it is likely
that the symbolism of the dagger is Eddie’s sexuality, which drove him
to his drastic actions and eventually death. During the confrontation
earlier in the play Marco raised a chair like a weapon, symbolic of
the fight yet to come. Rudolpho danced with Catherine when she had
previously been attending to Eddie, symbolic of him taking her from
Eddie’s life.
Therefore it seems natural to reason that Miller intended the title of
the play to have some significance other than the geography of the
location. The most obvious interpretation is of the audience sharing
with Alfieri an unbiased overview of the unfolding of events. It is
like being able to see from a bridge over a river, our vision
uncluttered by opinions as it would be by the side of the river, or
perhaps even as part of the river. The spray and swirling of currents
of a river could represent the uncertain nature of life that clouds
our perceptions and the flow of water the rush of emotions that carry
us from birth to death. Though, even Alfieri is not completely removed
from the happenings of the play, he takes an active part in the play
as well as providing the 'chorus´ character of the Greek format that
Miller used. He is part of the American culture, but also part of the
Italian culture, he also knew the family "I had represented his father
in an accident case some years before, and I was acquainted with the
family in a casual way." Perhaps this is why he is able to give a
balanced opinion and to counsel Eddie (though his advice is unheeded).
On the bridge we have time to form opinions, to judge other people, to
'settle for half´. It was his American audience that Miller addressed
through Alfieri:
"Most of the time now we settle for half and I like it better. But the
truth is holy, and even as I know how wrong he was and his death
useless, I tremble for, I confess that something perversely pure calls
to me from his memory--not purely good, but himself, purely, for he
allowed himself to be wholly known and for that I think I will love
him more than all my sensible clients."
This dilutes the feeling of superiority and detachment that we are
ruinously impact a whole community, is very aptly titled. By definition, a “crucible” is “a severe test,” and the challenges faced by Miller’s characters are many. The historical events dramatized in the play reflect how core human values, including truth, justice and love, are tested under life and death conditions. The trials of the characters and the values they hold dearly come when their simple, ordered world ceases to be black and white and easily deciphered, and is turned upside down in the gray shades of ambiguity.
In the excerpt from The Crucible, the scene begins in an empty room of the Proctor house. Arthur Miller paints Elizabeth as an angelic figure when she “is heard softly singing to the children.” Eventually Proctor enters, exhausted after a day of planting. He halts by the fireplace and “swings a pot out of the fire…he lifts out the ladle and tastes.” Unsatisfied, he “takes a pinch of salt, and drops it into the pot.” He needs more flavor, perhaps in both the soup and his own marriage. The tension between husband and wife is clear; there is an abundance of small talk, with little to no extended interest. “Are you well today?” asks Proctor, answered by Elizabeth with a mere, “I am.” Even so, John makes multiple attempts to break the silence,
Fear, resulting in chaos, and overturned lives affected the personal decisions of John Proctor, thus creating inner conflicts, as well as desperation in the story. In Arthur Miller's The Crucible, John Proctor's stand in a society where opinion drove fate created ignominy towards him and his beliefs. At first he hid his horrible sin inside, fearing the consequences. When he finally did, he was placed in a tangled labyrinth of feelings as to what his next action should be. Lastly, it's Proctor's defiance and integrity in his own self that proved him stronger than the entire community of Salem. Proctor's tremulous feelings and general unease of the situation built up to his defining point of confession. Theocracy came together to take coerce control Salem and it's actions. Proctor saw this and feared, for diabolism was a practice unheard of. Danforth states, "You must understand, sir, a person is either with the church or against it, there be no road between. We live no longer in the dusky afternoon and evil mixed itself with good and befuddled world. Now by God's grace the good folk and evil entirely separate"(63).
Miller's Tension in Act I of The Crucible The anti-Communist hysteria during the 1950's led to a mass persecution of people associated with Communism. Post WW2 America was a nation if fear and suspicion because of the on going cold war with Russia, anyone one remotely connected to a known communist could be persecuted, this sparked a fear that Russia could take over the world. At the time a playwright, Arthur Miller could not express his feelings due to society's strong support for McCarthyism. So Arthur Miller wrote a play about the Salem witch-hunts during 16th century America. Miller had to be subtle in how he expressed his feelings about the political movement McCarthyism, so he used the play as an allegory.
her)" "My wife will never die for me! I will bring your guts into your
In the play ‘A View from the Bridge’, an Italian-American family take in two illegal immigrants. The youngest of them, Rudolpho, falls in love with the niece of Beatrice, Catherine. Eddie Carbone, the main character, is driven by desire and lust, which eventually brings upon his own downfall. He calls the Immigration Bureau to arrest the two immigrants in an attempt to get his niece back, and so the scheme fails, and the play ends when Marco murders Eddie in a mere act of self-defence. Miller uses the character of Alfieri to increase dramatic tension throughout the play, doing so by introducing the idea of inevitability in the play. He establishes the character as a chorus, a component of early Greek theatre and tragedies. Alfieri basically expresses to the audience what the main character, Eddie Carbone, could not say, such as his fears or secrets. By knowing what will happen, and knowing how the play would end, whether a happy ending or sad, the principle of certainty and inevitability is revealed. Alfieri isn’t even capable of changing anything, altering the future, which also increases dramatic tension in the play. Throughout, Alfieri’s roles are obvious; he’s both the family lawyer and also the narrator of the play.
Arthur Miller’s The Crucible is an intricate piece of literature. He assembled this literary labyrinth using precision. One example of his twisted methods is his use of the word, “crucible”, in his text. What does the word, “crucible”, mean? This word has five definitions, and Arthur Miller has managed to bring all five of them into play in The Crucible. One definition of the word, “crucible”, is “The light placed in front of The Crucifix”. This definition, unlike the others, is used in a largely abstract way in the text. The, “light”, in The Crucible is a symbol of shining a light on, or drawing attention to, certain issues.
“He is a storyteller, a man with a marvelous memory, a simple man with a capacity for wonder, concerned with people and ideas” (The Paris Review). He is Arthur Miller. Born on October 17, 1915, Miller entered the world in Harlem, New York City. At age nineteen Miller wrote his first play. His passion for playwrights led him into the theater world inevitably leading him to meeting and marrying his second wife, Marilyn Monroe. Miller wrote the play, The Crucible, as an allegory of McCarthyism. Unlike most of his plays, The Crucible, was a dramatized historical play. In a interview, Miller stated that, with this play he “ was completely freed by the period [he] was writing about [...] It was a different diction,
I was acquainted with the family in a casual way.” This is why he is
Irony in a play. There is Dramatic Irony in the play when on Page 91,
The play, ‘The Crucible’, illustrates how people react to mass hysteria created by a person or group of people, as people did during the McCarthy hearings of the 1950s and the Salem witch hunts of 1962. Many Americans were wrongly accused of being Communist sympathizers. The activities of the House of Un-American Activities Committee began to be linked with the witchcraft trials that had taken place in the town of Salem. This provided Miller with the catalyst to write ‘The Crucible’. Without the knowledge of the McCarthy hearings and the Salem witch hunts, ‘The Crucible’ may be seen as a melodrama and the events in the play, sensationalised. It is not a melodrama because it is not overly dramatic; the McCarthy hearings and the witch hunts inject realism in the play. The play deals with historical events and with characters that have a historical context.
Writers may use literature as a vehicle of social criticism. In which ways does Arthur Miller criticize society?
The statement,“The Crucible is essentially about courage, weakness, and truth,” is proven true numerous times, throughout the play. The Crucible was written by Arthur Miller, about the true events that happened in Salem, Massachusetts, between the years 1692 and 1693. The Salem witch trials consisted of many hangings, lies, and complete mass hysteria. The citizens of Salem followed the religion of Puritanism, and the ideas of predestination. The root of the mass hysteria comes from their belief in the sense that in something happens then it must have been planned by God. In Miller’s portrayal of the story, Abigail Williams was the ringleader of the witch trials, and she used the idea of predestination to cover up her own sins. Abigail was a very manipulative girl and ruined many lives. John Proctor, Mary Warren, and Elizabeth Proctor were just a few of the victims in Abby’s game. John, Mary, and Elizabeth exhibit the traits courage, weakness, and truth, whether it was in a positive or negative way.
doesn't want her to grow up and as she develops into a woman he wants
...sympathy to those doomed to this fate, after doing nothing wrong, who are merely counters in Abigail?s sinister game to gain attention.