INTRODUCTION This essay discusses the radical transformation of the principles and foundations of public administration from traditional to New Public Management. Firstly the essay will attempt to define the key terms of traditional public administration and the doctrine of New Public Management. Rabin J. (2003) explains that New Public Management embodies “a process in public administration that uses information and experiences obtained in business management and other disciplines to improve efficiency, usefulness and general operation of public services in contemporary bureaucracies.“Traditional Public Administration progresses from governmental contributions, with services perceived by the bureaucracy. According to Sapru R.K. (2008) p370-371 the traditional ideal of public administration which inclined to be firm and bureaucratic was based on processes instead of outcomes and on setting procedures to follow instead of focusing on results. This paradigm can be regarded as an administration under formal control of the political control, constructed on a firmly ranked model of bureaucracy, run by permanent and neutral public servants, driven only by public concern. In emerging nations the administration was true bureaucracy meaning government by officers. In this perspective Smith (1996) p235-6 perceived that“the bureaucracy controls and manages the means of production through the government. It increases chances for bureaucratic careers by the creation of public figures,demanding public managers, marketing boards. Sapru R.K. (2008) P370 argues that New Public Management (NPM) is a new model of public sector management which emerged in the beginning of the 1990 in response to the challenges of globalization, global competitivenes... ... middle of paper ... ...lue and virtue in public administration: A comparative perspective. United Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan. Denhardt, J.V. (2011). New public service-serving, not steering. New York: M.E. Sharpe Hoods, C. (1991). A public management for all reasons? Public administration. Spring. Lane, J. (2006). Public administration and public management: the principal agent perspective. London: Routledge. Sapru, (2008). Administrative theories and management thought. PHL Learning Pvt. Ltd. Smith, R.K. (1996). Understanding third world politics: theories of political change and development. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Rabin, J. (2003). Encyclopedia of public administration and public policy: K-Z. United States: CRC press. United Nations, (2006). Unlocking the human potential for public sector performance world; public sector report 2005. United Nations: Academic foundation
The main aim of public service is to deliver services that are of need to its people. How fast a public manager can address its people’s problem and concerns indicates its effectiveness. Responsiveness of the manager develops trust between him, the government, and the people. According to (Rainey, p106) bureaucratic responsiveness implies two things; responsiveness to the people’s wishes or responsiveness to the interest of the government.
Wilson described public administration as “the most obvious part of the government; it is government in action; it is the executive, the operative, the most visible side of government, and is of course as old as government itself.” Furthermore, public administration is efficient and detailed implementation of public law. Every particular application of general law is a demonstration of administration.
Farnham, D. Horton, S. (1995) Managing the new public services (3rd edn) (Macmillan Press Ltd)
Public agencies are state, local, and federal government employers. Through this paper we will be discussing some of the tools and abilities of public agencies and how they influence our public organizations, such as their regulatory process and administrative hearings. Regulations are primary vehicles that are utilized by agencies to implement laws and general agency objectives. The ability to regulate and enforce these standards comes from laws passed by the legislature, which gains its authority through the constitutions of the federal government and the states. It is then the duty of the executive and judicial branches to administer and adjudicate the laws, respectively
Among the various historical Public Administration personalities, Wilson (1887) has presented the many facets of what and who a Public Administrator was and should be. He initially identified the Public Administrator as the absolute ruler like a king in a monarchy, a tyrant, despot, monopolist/s or oligarchs. When the absolute rulers were overtaken by “popular control”, the administrator would refer to the state, the sovereign people or popular sovereignty or popular rule. Governor was another term used to denote administrator, acting as a servant (civil servant) of the governed – great office of public trust. At this point, public opinion evolved just like a monarch but is comprised of many people / minds with different opinions. Wilson said, “wherever public opinion exists it must rule”.
Segal. (2002, February). Providing public sector services in a time of change: The total rewards perspective. [Electronic version]. Public Sector Letter. 2-4.
The study of public administration only continued to grow over the course of the next two decades. As the study of public administration expanded, so did the development of s...
The public sector is not based on the idea of profit. Workers of public sector benefit high job securities and health care and other personal benefits. In the private sector, health care benefits and other personal benefits are quite poorer than in the public sector. They're more based on w...
Public sector reforms adopted in a number of countries such as USA, UK and New Zealand in the last fifteen years and characterised by efficiency units, performance management, contracting out, market type mechanisms, and agency status have come to be known as the New Public Management or NPM. Appearance of the NPM as shifting the paradigm from the old traditional model of administration has been promoted by a remarkable degree of consensus among the political leadership of various countries and is presented today as the major tool for public sector management reforms.
Public Administration involves the development, implementation and management of policies for the attainment of set goals and objectives that will be to the benefit of the general public. Since Public Administration involves taking decisions that affect the use of public resources there is often the question of how to utilize public resources for maximum public good. The National Association of Public Administration has identified four pillars of public administration: economy, efficiency, effectiveness and social equity. These pillars are equally important in the practice of public administration and to its success. This paper seeks to explain the role of each of the pillars in the practice of public administration.
6.It is political direction, that gives public administration it’s special character. Politics is at the core of the public administration and at higher echelons the civil servants must have the text and mature understanding to work and live with politicians. This speciality of public administration marks it out clearly from business
The studies of policy and administration have been viewed in different ways; overtime, the pre-modern era to its now 21st century outlook has changed. In the beginning, kings had treasures and tax collector to oversee the daily business of the empire. Today these members are public servants working in all levels of government; implanting various inputs to produce their desired policies as results. New policies in public administration spurred from the peoples dissatisfaction with the government. From corruption, favoritism and self-preservation drew the attention of change; leading to the innovative ideas of Alexandra Hamilton, who pushed for a stronger federal government.
Ohemeng, Frank, L.K. and Leone, Robert P. “Should Public Sector be RUN like a Business.” Approaching Public Administration. Edmond Montgomery Publications Limited, (2011), P. 1-362.
Public policy can be defined as “What ever governments choose to do or not do” (Dye, 2008, p 2). In the context of this essay, public policies are a set of actors by the government in order to reach out to the masses. The ministries and departments are mandated to deliver specific mandates in the form of public goods and services.