substance contains dangerous bacteria that causes bad breath and leads to tooth decay or gum disease. Removing hardened tartar with specialized dental equipment improves the appearance of teeth while protecting enamel from additional damage. Stain Free Teeth Using the Kor Whitening System One of the easiest and fastest cosmetic procedures to make teeth look better is a tooth whitening or bleaching process. A deep dental bleaching process r... ... middle of paper ... ... diet. Dr. Nicula prefers
dibezodioxins or PCDDs. Their general structure is that of two chlorinated benzene rings joined by two oxygens, hence dioxin. Dioxin is not made intentionally but are usually formed as by-products in many large scale chemical processes such as paper pulp bleaching with chlorine and most significantly, the manufacture of chlorophenol chemicals. This last process is significant not only because it brought dioxin the current notoriety but it also is a chemical process used to make products that were used and
Wilhelm in 1784, but he first thought it was a compound, rather than an element. In 1810, Sir Humphrey Davy named it Chlorine, from the Greek word meaning "greenish-yellow". Chlorine is used in bleaching agents, disinfectants, monomers (plastics), solvents, and pesticides. It is also used for bleaching paper pulp and other organic materials, preparing bromine, (a poisonous element that at room temperature is a dark, reddish-brown), tetraethyl lead, and killing germs in water, particularly in swimming
types of algae. (Encarta) However, nearly 60% of coral reefs are in serious danger due to both natural and man-made causes. The leading natural cause of destruction among the coral reefs is global warming. Global warming causes the bleaching of coral reefs to occur. Bleaching is a response to stress by the coral reef that happens when the water becomes to warm. The coral then put out a brownish zooxanthelle which causes them to lose their color. Without the zooxanthelle, the corals cannot provide nourishment
hard part of the ocean floor. Zooxanthellae is a photosynthetic algae which lives in the polyp and provide energy for themselves and the coral. In many cases, corals undergo “bleaching,” which is a process where corals lose the zooxantheallae or chlorophyll pigment, and turn white (Wilkinson et all). After bleaching corals can survive for several months. It is possible for corals to recover by hosting more zooxantheallae, but it can take between 5 and 50 years for them to recover completely
The purpose of this research is to critically analyze the various components of forensic anthropology and odontology in order to obtain an accurate understanding of the overall reliability of these disciplines. Research obtained from various sources including, textbook, peer reviewed articles and the National Academy of Sciences Report are examined in an attempt to explain how the field of forensic odontology, more specifically the discipline of bite mark analysis is not considered to be a reliable
Tooth is composed of three hard tissues enamel, dentin and cementum .The colour of the tooth is determined by reflectance of dentin and thickness of enamel[30].As cementum is in root portion of the tooth its influence on determining the color of the tooth is not much. Tooth color is different among the different people, different teeth in same person and different areas of the same tooth[31].Tooth color is not constant and it changes due to various reasons.According to the location of the stain the
darkness on the scale on zero to ten, zero being white and ten being black. Chroma describes the saturation or vividness of a color. The appearance of teeth is affected in three ways by whitening. First, whitening reduces the amount of chroma in the tooth—the pigment or intensity of color is reduced. Second, whitening changes the hue, or color, or the teeth. Thirdly, whitening changed the value of the teeth. It is important to understand the natural color of teeth. Individual teeth vary in color in
INTRODUCTION During restoration of an affected tooth, if any margins between the composite restoration and tooth of concern are open, micro-leakage can occur1. Micro-leakage is a phenomenon in dentistry resulting from imperfect bonding that allows the movement of bacteria and fluids between the restoration and tooth of interest2. When a composite restoration is placed and undergoes polymerization through curing, shrinkage occurs. Research has shown that the percent of gaps between composite restorations
Coral Bleaching: Potential Mechanisms and Observed Adaptations Coral reefs are the most biologically diverse marine ecosystems. Driving this diversity are cnidarian corals which are obligate mutualistic symbioses between coral animals and dinoflagellate algae of the genus symbiodinium. These algae are commonly called zooxanthellae. This symbiosis between heterotrophic hosts and photosynthetic symbionts allows coral to thrive in nutrient poor seas and deposit calcium carbonate to build reefs
leaving no gap between the tooth structure and the restoration.2 According to a study by Stockton et al., “Imperfect bonding leaves a microscopic gap that allows the infiltration of bacteria, fluids, molecules and ions between the restoration and the tooth structure, commonly referred to as micro-leakage.”2 This gap is created by way of composite shrinkage during the process of polymerization, or “from mismatches between either the coefficients of thermal expansion of the tooth and the composite or between
Reefs are complex and diverse habits. Perhaps one of the major and important marine biomes. Yet they are relatively a small biome, roughly about 25% of the marine species that belong to the oceans live in the coral reefs. Coral reefs are an underwater structure composed of calcium carbonated, a secretion from corals. A significant portion of the world’s coral reefs forms close to the equator along the coastlines and locate themselves around islands throughout the world. Coral reefs come in a variety
build reefs up in size (Toller et al. 2001). Coral bleaching happens when there is a decrease of zooxanthellae involved in the symbiotic relationship with their coral host. This also causes a loss of the coral's beautiful colors that sometimes can be seen to human eye. Bleaching leads to death of coral over time. Some causes of bleaching have been tied to salinity of the ocean and sedimentation. The main reasons known to cause severe coral bleaching are climate change and radiation. These two elements
tropical storms and wave action, it is also home to more than 11,ooo marine life. It is one of the world’s largest coral reefs, so large in fact that you can see if from space. And the biggest threat to the great barrier reef, is coral bleaching. Coral bleaching is when the tiny algae that lives in the coral which causes it to be bright and colourful, gets so stressed out when the water temperature exceeds the limit that it can handle, which then makes the algae
Structure of Crab shells The exoskeleton of the crab shells contains three distinct layers namely epicutile, exocuticle and endo cuticle. Generally, the exoskeleton has a high degree of mineralization, typically calcium carbonate as main constituent, in some case calcium phosphate. In exoskeleton, chitin fibrils are wrapped with proteins forms a form of fibers which is assembled further into a bundle of fibers in the exoskeleton. In addition to that, the calcium carbonate in the form of calcite
which gives rise to the term coral bleaching. Coral bleaching does not always result in the death of coral, but it does make them more susceptible to disease and UV radiation. Global warming is also causing oceans to acidify which weakens coral structure making them easy targets for bacteria and disease. The oceans absorb the CO2 from the atmosphere which in turn lowers the pH of the water and reduces the calcification rate of reef building coral (NOAA). Coral bleaching is a global issue as earth’s sea
In the past 25 years, reefs have become increasingly threatened by a number of things resulting in a change under the surface of the water. Over the past few decades, the mass destruction on coral reefs using a variety of methods such as coral bleaching has resulted in permanent damage to reefs, severe carnage to marine life, as well as threatening the future on a global scale. If it continues, the destruction could cripple nation’s economies and impair marine life. Coral reef destruction has caused
Problem Statement The water quality of the ocean is diminishing due to chemical run-off from farms. The run- off begins into small catchments which eventually reach our reefs with devastating outcomes. The pesticides and herbicides used on farmlands are high in phosphorus which is a harmful chemical to our reef flora and fauna. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF, 2015) states that 60 kilometres inside the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area harmful concentrations of pesticides are being detected
Coral Bleaching Coral reefs are the most biodiverse ecosystem on the planet. There are more than 25,000 known species of organisms and countless others that have yet to be identified (Helvarg, 2000). Reefs thrive on the shallow edge of tropical seas, most often on the eastern edge of continents along warm water currents that brush the coasts. Reefs cannot live in cold waters and are limited by ocean depth and available sunlight. Coral is the foundation of the reef community, providing a
in-depth below. Bleaching of Coral Reefs When coral reefs are thought of, warm images of vibrant multi-colored creatures and corals emerge from our imaginations. Mental pictures of a bustling biodiversity of animals, invertebrates, and plants congregate around the coral reef that acts as a glue holding together the shallow waters of the underwater realm. Yet, many of the worlds most beautiful and important coral re... ... middle of paper ... ...blic about the bleaching of corals. Its our