Abstract: The early tetrapods were the first vertebrates to actually walk the solid earth. They began their conquest of land in the Paleozoic era around 360 million years ago. The question many paleontologists have been asking for a long period of time is whether the anatomy for locomotion on land was developed in water for swimming purposes, or if it was adapted after the creatures became terrestrial. Recent findings of fossils indicate that the transformations of the aquatic creatures happened
In the Forensic Case #356228, skeletal remains of both human and animal were discovered in a hunting area. The skeletal remains were of potential victims named as either Robert Rutherford or Stephen Morton. Robert Rutherford, potential victim #1, was an African American, 65 years or age, had a pacemaker, carried a Gerber 650 knife, had unknown religious affiliations, and was 5’ft 6”inches tall. Potential victim #2, was Stephen Morton, a Caucasian 40 years of age, had a heart condition, was a hunter
included in the group. Derived or secondary characters are features that are not shared with all organisms in a larger group because they evolve after the primitive character. From analyzing the fossil evidence, experts have discovered that early tetrapod amphibians evolved from lobe-fin fish. Amphibians are cold-blooded vertebrates animals that live under water and on land. Ichthyostega is considered the first amphibian and land vertebrate. Eusthenopteron is one group of fish that evolved during
The concept of transitional species is an important and complex notion in evolutionary biology. To begin with, there is no such thing as transitional species since all living things were always evolving in the past, not stopping at one stage or another, and they will continue to evolve in the future. In terms of evolutionary biology, we use the concept of transitional species as a way to dim ambiguity. Much like the use of the Linnean taxonomic system of species, we come up with concepts like transitional
After searching she returned with four tons of rock and spent four years searching through them. When she was done, she had the most complete early tetrapod skeleton ever found. She soon discovered that the complete tetrapod was of Acanthostega, the first, earliest tetrapod that was found to have fingers. Acanthostega had a fish-like tail and gills for breathing under water, this being the aquatic part of it. But at the ends of the arms were “peddle-shaped”
superclass tetrapoda (Kolesova, et el, 2007). The Apoda is comprised of organisms with no legs, and these organisms normally live in barrows. Tretrapods are comprised of vertebrates with four limbs; and examples of tetrapods are reptiles and amphibians (Kolesova, et el, 2007). Tetrapods were the earliest vertebrates to be able to walk on land and that was during the Devonian period about 360-370 million years ago (Kolesova, et el, 2007). Before the existence of amphibians almost all vertebrates lived
INTRODUCTION Frog is one of the animals which live on the land and in the fresh water. Frogs are distinguished from other reptiles and fishes by their specific features. Generally, frogs are categorised in kingdom of Animalia, phylum of Chordata, subphylum of Vertebrata, class of Amphibia, order of Anura and family of Ranidae (Amsel, 2014). The common species of frog found is Rana tigrina. Frog is actually one of the poikilotherms animals or known as cold blooded animals. Frogs do not have constant
Anatomy A way to identify a fish is by their body structure, they have fins and a backbone. The anatomical adaptation of fins helps them survive and makes them and marine animal unique in that they use them to maintain their position, move, steer, and stop. Most fish have scales and breathe though gills. Most fish also have a mucus layer that helps them prevent infections. With in what we consider “fish,” there are many that don’t very much look like they are earth creatures. The strangest fish
As far as animals go amphibians have it pretty well in the popularity category. Kermit the Frog keeps smiles on the faces of people around the world, Godzilla strikes fear into the hearts of those who dare to watch his films, and Dig’Em the frog gives children all over the world Smacks cereal to get them ready for the day. However, there is one amphibian that does not get the fame it deserves. The axolotl is an amphibious salamander that deserves more recognition than it gets. The axolotl is incredibly
Introduction In this research paper I will be discussing the Yellow-Bellied Three-Toed Skink and how instead of this reptile laying eggs like most reptiles would do, it is giving birth to live young instead. The Yellow-Bellied Three-Toed skink (Saiphos equalis) is a small reptile in size that closely resembles that of a snake, but with four legs. This specific species of skink can be found in New South Wales, Australia. It has been discovered that in the cold regions of New South Wales this organism
Animals live in various unique environments. Through evolution and adaptation, animals have adapted physical and behavioral mechanisms in order to survive in a variety of ecological surroundings. Adaptation is a body covering, part or behavior that an animal develops in order to survive in a particular environment. The environment or an ecological surrounding is the immediate habitat that affects the animal which includes water, land, air and other living things. Animals have developed adaptations
Australian Reptiles take advantage of their environment. Their success is dependent on external heat source. Reptiles are ectothermic creatures, they require light and warmth for their daily survival. The external heat both enhances a reptile’s digestion and rejuvenates their energy enabling them to feed more often. (Life History Evolution In Reptiles). Reptiles in arid ecosystems have a greater temperature regulation whereas in cooler climates reptiles face a more difficult battle of survival. Adaptions
Complete 3 out of 4 of the following items. Complete 3 out of 4 of the following items. DELETE THE QUESTION YOU’RE NOT ANSWERING 1. Pick a character that represents science in the story. They typically have an explaining role in the book. Pick a scene where they take on that role. Identify the character, the situation and explain its significance. This should be a minimum of 1-2 well thought out paragraphs. The most important character in Your Inner Fish book in my opinion would be Tiktaalik
Although the physico-chemical properties of metal-semiconductor hybrid nanostructures are strongly dependent on their size, shape, composition, and spatial distribution of each component, the find out of new synthetic routes for these hybrid nanostructures has become increasingly important. Several attempts has been devoted in order to obtain different architectures from metal-semiconductor nanocomposites, especially Au-CdSe heterostructure.1-16 In case of nobel metal nanoparticles (NPs) tipped semiconductor
Evolution (4th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Brandt, Christian, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jakob, Madsen, Peter T., Wahlberg, Magnus, & Wilson, Maria. 2011. Hearing in the African lungfish (Protopterus annectens): pre-adaptation to pressure hearing in tetrapods?. Biology letters, 7 (1), 139-141. Fratzl, Peter, & Weinkamer, Richard. 2011. Mechanical adaptation of biological materials—the examples of bone and wood. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 31 (6), 1164-1173. Gardner, Andy. 2009. Adaptation as
Homologous structures are features of organisms that are controlled by some of the same inherited genes. Many species have features that are structurally very similar for example, the pentadactyl limb with five digits, and characteristic of tetrapod vertebrates. The five fingered limbs are functionally different as they are under the same inherited genes. This suggests that organisms with homologous structures, such as the pentadactyl limb have common ancestors and have and evolved. An example
hypothesized for a debatable chelonian ancestor. He noted that “its ribs appeared to be between the ribs of a turtles’ and ribs of other tetrapods”. Watson's "Archichelone" had a pelvic girdle that was placed under the shell, and was also pushed back on the vertebral column. However, fossil evidence showed that the pelvis is in the normal position it would be in other tetrapods and is, in fact, not placed within the ribs, but over them, just like modern turtles. There have been many other debates about whether
Mother earth has gone through a lot of changes throughout its four and a half billion-year existence. Earth has seen many different climates and many different species. Because of these changes geologists have broken earths history into different time periods. One such time period was the Pennsylvanian time period. The Pennsylvanian time period is a subdivision of the Carboniferous period. The Pennsylvanian period saw the introduction of many different species that are still present today along with
Molecular clock It has been considering the chance that various evolutionary amends happen in a clock-like way. Over the choice of millions of existence, changes can manufacture in any specified widen of DNA at a consistent pace. For instance, the genetic material that signs for the protein alpha-globin (a part of haemoglobin) event amend at a pace of.56 amends per base brace for every billion years. The genetic material can be invoked as a molecular clock, if this pace is consistent. When broaden
Introduction The Permian-Triassic extinction event is undoubtedly the largest extinction event the Earth has ever seen. While evidence shows that it occurred over a great amount of time, it was effective in causing the extinction of an incredibly large portion of life on Earth. To such an extent that it took millions of years before any large amounts of biodiversity occurred again. This is why it is also referred to as the ‘Great Dying’. This paper will will analyze the survivability of terrestrial