With the recent earthquakes in California, many are worried about the next earthquake that could be the potential “big” one that many geologists have been predicting for many years. The Cascadia subduction zone is also known as CSZ megathrust fault. It is roughly 1000km long, a dipping fault that stretches from Northern Vancouver Islands to Cape Mendocino California. The zone passes through British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and into California. The Cascadia region has experienced several types
Plate tectonics is a theory in earth science about plates that ride on the asthenosphere. These plate tectonics carry continents and ocean basins. There are seven major plate tectonic plates and many minor plates. There are two types of tectonic plates: oceanic and continental plates; continental plates have a density of 2.7 g/cm^3 but oceanic plates have a density of 3 g/cm^3.The area at which these plates meet are called plate boundaries. There are three types of plates boundaries that we have
valley into a seaway. Other crustal movements will shave a sliver of california from the North American coast and drag Austrlia toward southeast Asia, folding the interviewing islands into collision mountains. New plate movements will begin, and subduction trenches may develop along the Atlantic coasts of the Americans and around Australia, as old, dense sea floor laden with sediments, sinks into the mantle ( well we are dead in 100 million years if we are not already dead from our pollution and wasting
Geology - Earth Sciences 1. What is the commonly accepted age of Earth? a) 4.6 Billion years 2. Which of the following was not a source of heat for the early Earth? a) hydrothermal energy 3. What are small asteroids called? a) meteoroids 4. What is the process by which a planet becomes internally zoned when heavy materials toward its center and lighter materials accumulate near its surface? a) Diffentiation 5. Where is most of the North American Precambrian shield
are two types of plates: oceanic (more dense) and continental (less dense). If two oceanic plates collide, subduction will occur. Subduction refers to the movement of one plate, sliding underneath another plate. The plate that is pushed down is consumed by the magma in the internal structure of the earth. When this happens, there will be a large, deep underwater trench where the subduction occurred (Mariana’s trench is an example of this). The plate that is consumed by magma causes
TOHOKU, Japan, Friday, Mar. 11 -Yesterday, a 9.0 magnitude Earthquake struck the east of Tohoku, Japan. The epicentre of the earthquake was located approximately 72 km east of Tohoku (38.3 degrees North latitude and 142.4 degrees East longitude), or 130 km east of Sendai as shown by the X in figure 3 below. The focus of the earthquake was 24.4 km under the epicentre. The earthquake therefore caused a tsunami due to the displacing of water above the Pacific Plate. The earthquake and tsunami together
McDermott, Ellam, 1991). An island arc is a form of an arc produced by the subduction of an oceanic plate beneath another oceanic plate (Hu, 2013). Island arcs are characterised by high large ion lithophile elements and low high field strength elements ((Hawkesworth , Hergt, McDermott, Ellam, 1991). New oceanic crust is created at the mid ocean ridges and by mass balance is then destroyed (recycled back into the mantle) at the subduction zones (Jarred, 2003). As it forms it undergoes hydrothermal alteration
today. The tsunami along with the earthquake caused around 25 trillion yen ($30 billion) worth of damage. The earthquake was caused because of the Pacific Plate subducting below the North American plate. The top of the subduction zone moved slowly while the bottom of the subduction zone moved quickly causing the quake and the 10m movement in the sea level. The depth of the earthquake was a maximum of 17 miles (27.36km) and it was around 231 miles of north east of Tokyo. The tsunami was travelling
mantle. Instead, the collision squeezes the crust into high mountain ranges.” The second possible landform that is caused by a convergent boundary is a deep ocean trench. A deep ocean trench is an underwater subduction zone involving two oceanic plates, or a continental and oceanic plate. A subduction zone is where two plates collide and the older, denser, and colder tectonic plate goes under (or subducts to) the newer, less dense, warmer tectonic plate. The plate which had more time to cool subducts
all the landmasses were during this time (DeMets). This can possible give one a better perspective as to what was going on, through out the rest of this process. Most mountains are created by plate boundaries. Either by continental collisions, or subduction zones at plate boundaries usually create mountains. The Rocky Mountains were not, though. These mountains were formed away from plate bo... ... middle of paper ... ... plate is now called the Juan de Fuca plate (“Juan de Fuca General”). This
Earthquakes are sudden, violent shakings in the ground that is caused by the movement of the Earth’s crust or volcanoes. More than 10,000 earthquakes take place every year, most of them not recognized by humans. Earthquakes do not occur at random locations, however, as some people believe. A pattern can be seen where most earthquakes occur at or near the plate boundaries. In fact, these earthquakes are what help scientists discover where these plate boundaries are. Plate boundaries are the cracks
approximately located above the leading edge of the subducting plate. A trench often forms where the slabs meet and subduction begins. On the non subducting slab a series of basins form, with a fore-arc basin nearest the subduction/trench, then the main arc, and a back-arc basin on the far side (Mitchell and Reading, 1971; Frisch, Meschede and Blakey, 2010). An island arc subduction zone. Modified from Frisch et al. (2010). Magmas in island arc settings consist primarily of components from two
On April 10, 1816, the most powerful volcanic explosion in recorded history occurred. The volcano was Mt. Tambora in the Sumbawa Islands in Indonesia. The explosion measured a 7 on the volcanic explosivity index. The explosion could be heard for thousands of miles. Smaller explosions and eruptions occurred before and after the initial giant explosion. Over 71,000 people were killed. Approximately 12,000 deaths resulted directly from the explosion. The other deaths resulted from contamination
Plate Tectonics Plate tectonics is the manner of which the Earth’s lithosphere moves around. The weakness of the Earth’s upper mantle allows the Earth’s lithosphere to move. The lithosphere is not a single unit, it is broken down into a series of plates. The result of plate tectonics movements result in large catastrophes and natural disasters. Why do plate tectonics move ? The mantle of the Earth is very weak so, the rigid structures of the lithosphere move around easily. Tectonic plates move
On planet Earth, there are many geological processes (aka earth processes) that occur. These natural geological earth processes certainly have an utmost significance and it is important that we are aware of their abilities. A few of these natural processes include plate tectonics, volcanism, earthquakes, mass-wasting, and tidal waves. These processes affect the environmental conditions around the Earth. In the history of our planet, it has been shown that these geological processes have changed the
Worldwide Earthquakes (30 November – 6 December 2014) Earthquakes are the result of plate tectonics, or shifting plates in the crust of Earth. The quakes occur when the frictional stress of gliding plate boundaries builds and causes failure at a fault line. In an earthquake, energy is released as seismic waves (Lutgens & Tarbuck, 2010). The observation on the activity of earthquakes for a one week period starting 30 November - 6 December 2014. There was only one earthquake over 6.0 in the week
Report on Earthquakes by Zeta Stevens Why Do Earthquakes Occur? The earth is split into four layers, inner and outer core, the mantle and crust. The top of the mantle and crust make up what is like the skin of our earth (see source 2). The skin is split up like a puzzle and we call these puzzle pieces’ tectonic plates (see source 1). These plates are constantly moving and the plate boundaries (edges of the plates) move and slide past one another. Sometimes as the plates move the plate boundaries
Hi! Today, I will be using this presentation to compare two solid theories of plate tectonics. I will be comparing the theory of plate tectonics with the information contained in the Bible. Now, to really be able to contrast plate tectonic theories, you need to understand that the earth is made up of layers. So, before I begin, I will quickly cover what they are: At the centre of the earth, you have the inner core. Just out from that, you have the outer core. Next you have the mantle; the
the earth plates are the ones that causes earthquakes. It occurs when plates meet along plate boundaries. When they move towards each other, one of the plates can be pushed down the bottom of the other plate, into the mantle. This is consider the subduction zone. When the plates gets stuck, it causes a lot of pressure on the surrounding rocks. The pressure will released and produce shock waves, they are called seismic waves and in other words, this will be called an earthquake. In this essay I will
The Mesozoic (or Middle life) Era The Mesozoic (or Middle life) Era started with the mass extinction of the Paleozoic Era, and ended with the extinction of the Cretaceous period (Levin). It includes the Triassic period from 251 to 200 mya, followed by the Jurassic period, from 200 to 145 mya, and finished with the Cretaceous period, from 145 to 65 mya (Levin). Pangea When the new era began, the supercontinent Pangea started to split into two, our modern North America being part of Laurasia first