Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is an information infrastructure providing access and enabling interoperability among spatial information based on standards, policies, regulations and coordination mechanisms (Groot R, 1997). The methods for creating SDI undergone radical changes in the recent years like the shift from the product-led model or data-producer-led model to process-led model or data-user model, etc. However, there are some limitations challenging the SDI growth like the lack of standards
1. Introduction Longely et al (2005) state that there are many possible ways of defining spatial analysis but at the end all the definitions express the basic idea that information on locations is essential. Analysis carried out without knowledge of locations is not spatial analysis (Longely et al, 2005). Spatial data analysis (SDA) is a set of techniques created to support a spatial perspective on data (Goodchild et al, 1992). SDA can be differentiated from other forms of analysis by definition
Riyadh urban growth rarely seen another city and urban growth has accompanied a similar growth for all Infrastructure facilities such as education, transportation, communication and health care services. However, implementation of infrastructure facilities is not parallel to the speed of urban growth, which led to the difficulty setting up a mechanism for coordination between the infrastructure facilities in the implementation process, resulting in the conflict and duplication in the implementation
designed specifically to analyze spatial information. The Spatial information is any information shown in a map format. The learning team member was informative to elaborate that the GIS infrastructure often includes capturing location specific data to store, manipulate, analyze, and in some way make use of the data for a particular purpose. Learning the traffic control system was the most interesting because of the critical decision-making process to retrieve data to access traffic movement for
analysis, and relay of road network data. It is important to note that GIS systems can be applied in a variety of places within the road network. However, only three places are discussed in the paper: traffic density, vehicle emissions, and road capacity. GIS technology helps in the collection and dispersion of the necessary traffic information to optimize road usage. GIS is regarded as an advanced technology that integrates other kinds of know-how using geographical data or information. The concept is
captivated my interest and still influences my academic goal. I have my dream of becoming a scholar who contributes to research area of landscape issues associated with the urban changes. My research will be an exploration of the application of spatial analysis to landscape, emphasized on changes in urban structures. The unprecedented urban growth is one of major urban issues relating to human activities and developments. We live in complexity of urban systems, vital to sustaining I observed how
In order to better understand economic geography, a review of the existing literature on the topic is necessary. The first consideration of geography in economic models was made in 1885 when Launhardt introduced a strategic model of spatial competition. This model highlights the arbitrage firms face with regards to location: they wish to locate as close to the core market as possible while keeping a distance from their competitors in order to be profitable. In 1929, Hotteling further developed this
smart cities should be approached with extreme caution especially with reference to developing countries such as India which has limited financial resources to put into the growth sectors in economy. Such hi-tech smart cities require huge social infrastructure to succeed in long term. However South Korea’s model of implementing the u-city model across the country uniformly is leading to a forceful adoption of the smart cities. This model leaves no room for public debate and engagement prior to such
Data mining is a field that is a combination of numerous other fields such as the database research, artificial intelligence and statistics. Data mining involves looking for patterns in vast amounts of data as a part of knowledge discovery process. (Huang, Joshua Zhexue, Cao, Longbing, Srivastava, Jaideep, 2011) contains numerous papers that are solely dedicated to discussing the advancements that have been made in the field of data mining and knowledge discovery. A lot of people have performed a
Economic Geography of Industry Location in India ____________________________________ Paper prepared for the UNU/WIDER Project Conference on Spatial Inequality in Asia 3 Economic Geography of Industry Location in India Where do different industries locate? What factors influence the spatial distribution of economic activity within countries? Finding answers to these questions is important for understanding the development potential of sub national regions. This is particularly important
to sustain a healthy plant life in any part of the world Exploration and mining is the process of discovering, extracting and managing of ores. These resources require the use of GIS to give companies the tools and technology to display volumes of data required to put the mines to optimum efficiency. An example of the use of GIS in Exploration and mining is in the article named Assessing the Success of Surface Coal Mine Reclamation; this article explains the benefits of using GIS and how I helped
measurable data worldwide within a defined context. A global information system as can be referred to as “GIS” integrates hardware, software and data for capturing; managing, analyzing and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information. It allow us to visualize and understand, question and interpret data in many ways that show patterns, relationships and trends in the forms of map, reports and charts. A global information system answer questions and solve problems by looking at data in a
The role of infrastructure To understand the role of the physical infrastructure in increasing the cycling levels, Hull and O’Holleran (2014) compare coherence, directness, attractiveness, safety and comfort of the bicycle network in six cities throughout the UK and the Netherlands. The research concludes that the design of bicycle infrastructure involves several spatial and behavioural factors; at a government level, policy must create the foundation for making motorised vehicles less necessary
Global cities are strategic spatial nodes of the world economy with localized basing points for capital accumulation in an age of intensified globalization (Brenner, 1998). (Sassen, 2005), argues that centralization has taken a new form. The major contributor to this new form is reorganization of the financial industry and spatial dispersion of economic activities. This has led to an overall concentration in control and ownership. Dispersion of the economic activities has led to specialization of
The burgeoning cities population is attributed to transport inefficiencies in urban areas. Traffic congestion arises when the demand for road exceeds the capacity of the available infrastructure. It is estimated that traffic inefficiencies cost Nairobi city 50 million shillings daily, which translates to 18.2 billion shillings annually through lost productivity, fuel consumption and environmental pollution (Mungai, 2012). ICT, which involves storage, retrieval, manipulation, and transmission of information
Economics, 39, 447-492. Veldman, S.J., and Buckmann, E.H. (2003). A Model on Container Port Competition: An Application for the West European Container Hub-Ports. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 5, 3-22. Yan, J., and Thill, J.C. (2008). Visual Data Mining in Spatial Interaction Analysis with Self-organizing Maps. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 36, 466-486.
include spatial reasoning to interpret and understand the infographic; being able to recognise and use patterns and relationships between meat vs. live exports; and lastly, being able to estimate and calculate based on a new set of data. As a start, I shall show the RSPCA infographic and open up a discussion with my students, along the line of the reliability and the background of the source, partial or whole data report, correct interpretation of the data, the context of cherry-picking data to support
Department of Local Government and Regional Development in Western Australia (2003) states that above 70 per cent of Western Australia’s population dwell in Perth Metropolitan Area (urban area), where the areas only cover about one tenth of Western Australia’s land area. It means that, while regional areas cover more than 90 per cent of Western Australia’s land area, but there is only below one third of State’s population live in the areas. The term regional areas in this essay refers to the nine
never be found in a single location because all the resources are never available in a particular location. This has made it a must to move from one place to another. Therefore, the variation in the resources endowment among cities and towns creates spatial and economic imbalance which necessitates ultimately interactions. There is need for interaction be it socially, economically and otherwise. Therefore, uneven distribution provides a fundamental basis of interaction. More so, urban centres are characterized
African countries need to have political stability, business friendly environment and good infrastructure that may be expanded significantly by regional