Fluids is the major constituent of plasma, with an estimated total protein concentration of about 7.0-7.5 g/dl, as the solid component in plasma, that contain a complex mixture of different proteins which are mainly glycoprotein and lipoproteins. The concentration of plasma protein is largely occupied by Albumin, which is about 3.4-4.7 g/dl as the major protein; this protein will be discourse in further details, (Murray et al 2003). Plasma protein plays a role as biomarkers in diagnosing human diseases
Urinalysis with significantly increased amounts of blood (via dipstick and sediment), protein, and leukocytes as well as slightly increased bilirubin and slightly decreased pH; b) Comprehensive diagnostic chemistry panel with significantly increased amylase (1626 with normal being 300-1100 U/L), total
hemostasis. The damages to the GBM in the glomeruli alter filtration process that allows the protein and red blood cells to leak into the urine. Loss of protein like albumin in the urine results in a decrease of their level into the blood stream. Consequently, this patient’s blood reveals a decreased albumin (Alb) value of 2.9 g/dL, decreased serum total protein value of 5 .0 g/dL and in the urine presents of the protein and the RBCs. Impaired filtering capacity result in inability of kidneys to excrete
Ten cervical carcinoma sera samples and eight normal sera samples were used to biopan; the remaining 67 cervical carcinoma samples and 65 normal samples were used to evaluate predictive value by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Total RNA was extracted from the sample cells using the acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method using Trizol as the reagent. Random hexamers were used in cDNA synthesis. BMI-1 was amplified by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The PCR products
that cannot be contained. As of November 20, 2014 the total number of cases in West Africa is 15,113 (1). There have been a total of 5,406 deaths in the West African outbreak (1). This outbreak has lasted from March 1st, 2014 until the present (1). Scientists across the globe have been working hardly to find a cure for this raging epidemic and this deadly disease. They attempted to make a serum, by which is called ZMapp (15). This serum is made out of engineered antibodies that are used to attempt
Introduction Malnutrition is common in haemodialysis patients due to specific characteristics of chronic renal insufficiency such as insufficient filtration ability and accelerated protein degradation. A deteriorated nutritional condition threats chronic dialysis patients lowered mobility and poor outcome include increased mortality (Carrero et al., 2013; Locatelli et al., 2002; Vannini, Antunes, Caramori, Martin, & Barretti, 2009). Thus there are several malnutrition indicators of haemodialysis
a maximum period of 5 days, the patient was diagnosed with Nephrotic Syndrome. This is condition that occurs due to leakage in the kidney filtration part leading to a large amount of protein leaking from the blood into the urine. This is mainly due to fluid retention known as oedema which is as a result of low protein level in the blood. It occurs due to abnormal functioning or a part of the kidney is affected (glomeruli). This syndrome can be caused by numerous diseases coming together to cause or
Symptoms are not usually present in mild chronic hyponatremia, as is seen with this patient. Symptoms are more likely when there is a rapid decrease in serum sodium levels and when sodium is < 120 mEq/mL. In asymptomatic SIADH, fluid restriction will restore the serum sodium to normal. Treatment of the small cell carcinoma with chemotherapy should give a permanent end to the source of the ADH. Restriction to 50% to 60% of daily fluid requirements may be required
Gliadins’ are mostly monomeric proteins with molecular weights between 28,000 and 55,000 and can be classified depending upon their different primary structures into the a/b-, y- and o-type. They can be found in wheat and in different other cereals within the grass genus Triticum (Wieser, 1996). For each type, the structural differences between them are small. This is because of the substitution, deletion and insertion of single amino acid residues (Weiser, 2007). These proteins contain unusually high amounts
incidence of breast cancer. The study was aimed to estimate and compare the sialic acid levels in serum of breast cancer patients and healthy individuals to elucidate the importance of it as a potential biomarker in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out from February 2012 to September 2012 in cancer block St.Anns general and cancer hospital, Kazipet, Warangal, India. A total of 80 members were enrolled in the study out of which 55 were breast cancer patients and 25 were healthy
serotype and two antigenic subtypes, A or B. In total, 8 out of the total ten RSV proteins are seen in infected cells and virions, eight being structural and two being non-structural (3). The viral envelope has three glycoproteins: G, F, and SH protein (4). In addition, RSV has 5 other structure proteins which include L, N, P, M and M2-1 (4). Two non-structural proteins: NS1 and NS2 are identified with RSV, but it is still unknown whether these two proteins are a part of the assem... ... middle of paper
vitamin D consumption and absorption. REVIEW OF LITERATURE The Role of Vitamin D in Serum Calcium Homeostasis Normal serum calcium concentration is usually about 8.5-10.5 mg/dL, when this level drops the parathyroid gland releases PTH by activating the calcium receptors (1,2,3). Vitamin D on the other hand influences PTH as well when in high concentrations inhibiting transcription of the PTH gene. The homeostasis of serum calcium through calcitri... ... middle of paper ... ...ting the hypothesis
marasmus or marasmic-kwashiorkor. Malnutrition generally implies under nutrition and refers to all deviations from adequate and optimal nutritional status in infants, children and in adults. Deficiency in macronutrients such as protein, carbohydrates and fat provoke protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), and when combined with micronutrient deficiencies, they are among the most important nutritional problems with hundreds of millions of pregnant women, elderly and young children particularly affected
haematological tests done in biomedical science industry include of Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH), Karyotype Test and Serum Ferritin. The study of structure, function and pathological disorders in blood is called “Haematology”. Blood consists of 55% plasma and 45% blood cells. Plasma is a mixture of 7% protein, 91% water and 2% other solutes. The types of proteins present in blood are albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen. Other remaining solutes consist of ions, nutrients, gases and respiratory
year, about 600,000 mortalities. This disease affects men and women, as well as every ethnic group. Coronary artery disease is the most common cardiovascular disease, representing approximately 400,000 deaths per year of the aforementioned 600,000 total deaths from cardiovascular diseases as a whole. In 2010 alone, coronary artery disease cost the United States $108.9 billion for health care services, medication, and lost productivity. These chilling statistics, published every year by the American
a V compound is taken into consideration. In general, this paper does well in supporting the information available concerning hemoglobin. This article boosts the information available, concerning the diseases, genetics and functions of hemoglobin proteins. The authors achieve this by getting down to the basic level via the examination of the crystallographic structures of hemoglobin. This research has demonstrated novel examples associated with hemoglobin, pertaining to its processes and its purpose
purification of a protein. Specifically, the purification of the enzyme acid phosphatase from wheat germ. Through three major steps we were able to perform this purification. The steps involved were disrupting the source cell, selectively purifying the enzyme from contamination, and finally preserving the original structure of the enzyme and preventing degradation. Aliquots, or small volumes, of the solution were collected from each step in the purification process for enzyme activity and protein content.
Medical nutrition therapy and the critically ill Abstract Nutritional support was an often neglected but essential and crucial element in management of critically ill. The medical nutrition therapy is fast replacing the concept of supportive nutrition in critically ill patients. Adequate and proper nutrition therapy has the potential to positively impact patient outcomes and length of hospital stay. It is relatively inexpensive compared to other treatments, and is being increasingly identified as
typically set at 37 degrees Celsius. According to Medical Prep Institute of Tampa Bay molecular defenses, is interferons and complement that destroy invading microorganisms. The complement system entails over 30 proteins formed by the liver and found flowing in serum. Interferons are antiviral proteins formed in reaction to viral infection. Interferons are host cell-specific but not virus specific. Normal microbiota modifies the environment, which can stop the growth of pathogens. Humoral immunity is within
are wrapped with proteins forms a form of fibers which is assembled further into a bundle of fibers in the exoskeleton. In addition to that, the calcium carbonate in the form of calcite deposited in the chitin–protein matrix. Current status of extraction process of chitosan Most of the chemical based extraction processes for chitosan from grabs shells are involved with harsh chemicals with high concentration and temperature. For