Kirmani Group: 5 Instructor: Dr. Tayyaba Noor Course: Organic and Biochemistry (CH-202) Date of submission: 1st December 2015. Condensation of Polymers Condensation polymers are kinds of polymers made through a condensation reaction where the molecules link together eliminating small molecules as by-products such as water or methanol, contrasting to addition polymers which comprise of the reaction of unsaturated monomers. Monomers The monomers that take part in condensation polymerization are not similar
Click chemistry was created by taking cues from how nature naturally reacts. 1 The goal of Sharpless and colleagues was to create a number of selective blocks that could be connected in many different ways with the ability to work in many various applications. 1 For a reaction to be defined as click chemistry: “the reaction must be modular, wide in scope, give very high yields, and generate only inoffensive by products that can be easily removed” and it must have undemanding reaction conditions
What are Polymers and Copolymers? Polymers are large molecules that are formed of many smaller molecules joined together as sub units, known as monomers. They portray a huge role in society as they tend to make up most plastics used ranging from plastic shopping bags to styrofoam. Polymers can be found naturally an example being DNA the building blocks of life but most usable polymers are man made (American Chemistry Council, n.d). The polymers in plastics widely used by society today are known
polystyrene? Polystyrene:- Polystyrene is a thermoplastic polymer which is the third most important polymer which is synthetically prepared from the styrene of monomers which is petrochemical liquid. It can be hard or can b soft foamed. It is inexpensive resin that’s why it is clear, brittle and hard. The excellent processing and physical properties make this thermoplastic material very suitable that’s why it is used in many applications. It is a vinyl polymer which has long hydrocarbon chain and phenyl group
Polymer A polymer is a substance that is made up of lots of smaller molecules (the smallest part of an element) that form together to make bigger molecules. A polymer can be natural or synthetic. A natural polymer already exists while humans make synthetic polymer. Macromolecule A macromolecule is a very big molecule that is made up of many atoms. An example of what could be a macromolecule is a polymer or a even a protein. Enzyme An enzyme is a protein that acts like a catalyst, which speeds up
Denture teeth can be made of acrylic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or composite resins. PMMA is a polymer - a material made the from joining of methyl methacrylate monomers. Properties of PMMA include resistance to abrasion, chemical stability and a high boiling point. (Jun Shen et al. 2011). However, weak flexure and impact strength of PMMA are of concern as they account for denture failure. (Bolayir G, Boztug A and Soygun K. 2013). Composite denture teeth are made of a three distinct phases
yarns. Fibers consist of different types of polymers, and all fibers are made of polymers. ("Polymer (chemistry)"). A polymer is a large, or macromolecules formed in a repeated pattern called a monomer. Different polymers have varying properties and this is why some materials are sought after to be used in fabrics and some aren’t ("Polymers in Textile Fibers"). A very important element in most polymers is carbon, as it forms a wide variety of bonds. Polymers are produced biologically in nature, and
cryogels produced with these concentrations, it was observed that at higher concentration of gelatin polymer (8%) the rate of polymerization was very fast and hence cryogel sheets formed were not proper. As the percentage of gelatin was increased the amount of cross-linker required was low i.e., the amount of cross-linker required decreases with increase in monomer concentration. Increase in polymer concentration also leads to less elasticity in the cryogel. Standardizations done for the synthesis
we get different polymers such as vinyl acetate modified polymer (4% VA), thermoplastic ethylene vinyl acetate (4 - 40% VA) and ethylene vinyl acetate rubber (>40% VA) with the remainder being ethylene. Properties such as toughness,
Manufacturing Process Geofoam is any material or product that has a closed-cell structure that was created either in a fixed plant or in situ by an expansion process. Although most geofoam materials are polymeric (plastic) in composition, other materials such as Portland cement concrete (PCC) or glass have been and are used. Most geofoam materials are polymeric with polystyrene foams being the most common. The two types of polystyrene foam are expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS)
takes place. The binding agent’s long polymers have been dissolved in a solvent. During drying, the solvent evaporates and the long polymer chains remain unaltered as a film. Some paints dry only by means of evaporation of the solvent, but the majority of paints dry chemically[1]. Chemical drying is usually slower. This is because in addition to the evaporation of the paint’s solvent, there is also a chemical reaction that takes place. In this reaction polymers form which provide the binding in the
Polymers are always been around everywhere we go and have been increasing as time goes on. From its inception until today, polymers have enhanced our quality of life. The common questions asked here are usually what they are, where can I find them, where did they come from, how they are made, and what are some future possibilities? The first thing you might want to know about polymers is what they are. Polymers can be very complicated and you can do into great depth to what they are. “Polymers are
With up to 150 million tons of plastic being consumed each year since the 1950s, it is clear that this polymer plays a critical role in everyday life (Icpeenvis.nic.in, 2011). A polymer is a substance made from identical monomers (molecules) joined together to form one large molecule (Smith et al., 2006). Plastic is often made from petrochemicals, with thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers being the two forms (Helmenstine, 2016). These are found ubiquitously, from packaging to health care. However
clothing to infrastructure. Polymers differ greatly from other materials, such as ceramics or metals, based upon the types of bonding. Metals bond metallically, creating a sea of electrons, and ceramics generally bond ionically, strongly tying electrons to lattice points. Polymers bond covalently in carbon chains, which (in general) make their properties more variable due to the possibilities of arrangement in bond length, angle, and molecular configuration. Polymers, on average, tend to be more
required purposes as hoses, o-ring seals, insulation base product and other many packaging materials []. The main components of technically related NBR comprise of 24-30 wt% of acrylonitrile and include some benefits in contrast to other elastomer like polymers. Such as, good processability, resistance to oils as well as hydrocarbons, especially resistance to hydrocarbons and oils, NBR has wide region of service temperature (from -35 oC up to 100 oC) [1-2]. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a semi-crystalline
toward evidence provided by “hot” theory experiments. Given that it is quite plausible and possible that the early earth had the suggested “hot” environment providing heat and monomers that can combine to become polymers, the main step to come into question is, when did these polymers amount to life? “Life for Dummies” would suggest that life requi... ... middle of paper ... ...dial Peptide Cycle”. Science 301 (15 August 2003): 938-940. Leman, Luke, Leslie Orgel, and M. Reza Ghadiri. “Carbonyl
swimwear appear. Therefore with the popularity of the swimming sports and the need for speed, the processing manufacture will be focus on the material used and the innovation of design. For example, develop the structure of the polymer to synthesis better characteristic polymers instead of nylon and spandex. Or find other materials to directly replace the nylon and spandex. Besides in terms of the study of bionics, design the surface of swimwear from other marine life. Furthermore design and manufacture
A polymer is a large molecule consisting of many smaller subunits known as monomers. There are different types of polymers and many uses for all of them. Even though people may not realize it polymers play an essential role in our everyday life. For polymers range from plastics, PVC, and Styrofoam to key structures in the human body like DNA and proteins which are key components to the human body that makes it possible for each of us to live and be unique. So with out polymers in our body we would
What is a polymer? Polymers are substances containing a hefty amount of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. The minute you hear the word polymers you assume it is manufactured with massive chemical plants. Actually, polymers have been in nature from the start. All living things plants, animals, and people are made of polymers. However, what you do not know is they are different types of polymers the Synthetic ones which use harmful toxins to be synthesized, and are those which are
The effect that this additive has on the polymer in terms of stiffness is that the fillers are very useful because it makes the polymers very strong and stiff. This makes it hard to break. Service life The effect of fillers on polymers is that they are very beneficial because they don’t get ruined for a long time. Glass fillers are the most commonly used fillers in polymers. This is because they last longer and their service