Justice Pius Langa wrote a report regarding the concept of transformative constitutionalism, his report make reference to defining what transformative constitutionalism is to help understand such a broad topic and ultimately the challenges that our country is faced to create an substantively equal society. Thus these challenges address what South Africans as well as what the government needs to fix in order to create and equal society and to fix the injustices of the past. Chief Justice Pius Langa
predecessors had failed (Thenagain.info, 2013). Therefore, this paper delves into the persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire, particularly in the reigns of the five said good emperors- Nerva, Hadrian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelias, and Antonius Pius. Nerva ruled Roman Empire from 96-98 AD. Nerva had been chosen to be the Emperor by the assassins of the previous emperor, Domitian. Various good things characterized Nerva’s reign. First, he was a conservative man who succeeded in fairly dealing
ATHENAGORAS Athenagoras was a Christian apologist who flourished in the second half of the second century CE. Two extant works, the Plea on Behalf of Christians and On the Resurrection of the Dead, have traditionally been attributed to him. HIS LIFE Athenagoras does not appear in the ecclesiastical histories of either Eusebius, Socrates, or Sozomen. Methodius (d. 311 CE) is the only ante-Nicene writer to mention Athenagoras; Methodius' From the Discourse on the Resurrection 1.7 refers to
The Column of Antoninus Pius was a Roman triumphal column dedicated to honor the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius and his wife Faustina the Elder by his successors, co-emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus, in 161 A.D. The column alone was 14.75 meters high and 1.90 meters in diameter, which was composed, of red granite, with no reliefs on the column like other triumphal columns such as those of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius. The column itself has been lost to history, however the base expresses iconography
date of creation is unknown, it is widely theorised that the sculpture was created between 450 and 460 BCE (Harris & Zucker 2012). Myron’s original Discobolus no longer exists, with evidence indicating that it was destroyed by Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius in 2nd Century C.E (Harris & Zucker 2012). However, it should be acknowledged that primary Greek evidence detailing the origins, creation and destruction of the Discobolus is scarce and subjective, and therefore even these basic facts may not be entirely
ancient Rome. The Roman Senate would be so fed up with losing power that they killed several Emperors. However, there were five good emperors in a row who became known as The Five Good Emperors. These Emperors were Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius. They were mainly considered good for gaining the support of the Senate (Encyclopedia Britannica). After gaining the support of the Senate, these Emperors brought in and improved the tradition of adoption, doing different public
According to the Merriam Webster Dictionary, anti-Semitism is hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group. There are two main types of anti-Semitism: classical anti-Semitism and modern anti-Semitism. Classical anti-Semitism is the hatred and intolerance towards Jews because of their religious differences. According to remember.org, “Modern anti-Semitism, in contrast to earlier forms, was based not on religious practices of the Jews but on the theory
Tolkien's Lord of the Rings as a Catholic Epic It will be the contention of this paper that much of Tolkien's unique vision was directly shaped by recurring images in the Catholic culture which shaped JRRT, and which are not shared by non-Catholics generally. The expression of these images in Lord of the Rings will then concern us. To begin with, it must be remembered that Catholic culture and Catholic faith, while mutually supportive and symbiotic, are not the same thing. Mr. Walker Percy
After Napoleon had been defeated in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the Congress of Vienna was held the same year under the control Foreign Minister Metternich's leadership. In this conference Austria was given control of the Italian states of Venetia and Lombardy, in compensation for her loss of Belgium. This led to the Germanisation and domination of Austria over the Italian states it had obtained. All schools were carefully censored, the press was rigidly controlled, and all this was supported
REVIEW OF DANIEL GOLDHAGEN’S ‘A MORAL RECKONING: THE ROLE OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE HOLOCAUST AND ITS UNFULLFILLED DUTY OF REPAIR’ This essay will review Daniel Goldhagen’s controversial moral inquiry, ‘A Moral Reckoning: The Role of the Catholic Church in the Holocaust and Its Unfulfilled Duty of Repair’, published in 2002. Goldhagen attended Harvard University as a graduate, undergraduate and assistant professor until he was denied tenure in 2003; this possibly indicates his limited status
a very heretical belief that corrupted Christian churches. This essay will explain how Pope Pius X combated Jansenism. The first paragraph will explain what Jansenism is. The second and third Paragraphs explain what he did to help people live better spiritual lives, to explain to the church what the Eucharist was for, and the results that came out of it. The fourth paragraph tells other ways Pope Pius X combated Jansenism. Jansenism was a belief that portrayed God as a “dictator” who punished
has to be ended fittingly by assuming into heaven. Dogma of the Catholic Church The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary has been announced as a doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church. This doctrine was dogmatically and infallibly defined by Pope Pius XII on November 1, 1950, through his Apostolic Constitution Munificentissimus Deus. The dogma teaches that the Blessed Virgin Mary “having completed the course of her earthly life, was assumed body and soul into heavenly glory.” This belief is accepted
longstanding grievances, some were nationalists and some were liberals. Despite all having different ideas and aims they all resoundingly agreed that Italy needed change. The hopes of the various revolutionary groups had been raised by the election of Pope Pius and Charles Albert the King of Piedmont Sardinia. However, their hopes and resulting revolutions were crushed due to many concerning factors. A crushing factor of the failure of the revolutions was the trouncing of the Piedmontese army at both the
Tension grew between the Catholic Church and France during the French Revolution, leading to a schism, which deeply devastated the Church’s economy. Pope Pius VII and Napoleon Bonaparte came into power as the French Revolution was ending. For different reasons they both saw the importance of restoring Roman Catholicism’s position in France. The Catholic Church’s initial support of Napoleon greatly affected both parties (O’Dwyer 12-14, 43, 49). This statement has led me to ask the following question:
The Eucharist (Otherwise known as the Holy Communion or the Blessed Sacrament) is a Catholic sacrament considered to be the apex of Christianity. While some Catholics and different branches of the English Church believe that this bread and wine are transformed into the literal blood and body of Christ, others believe that it is a simple expression of faith. It is considered to be the very essence of love that binds us to the savior; and it is this teaching of love that inspires the Catholic view
Pope Pius XII: Hitler’s Pope? The Holocaust was a devastating time, which caused an unbelievable number of deaths, so much pain, agony, and turmoil to so many innocent victims. Is it possible that one voice could have made such an impact that they could have saved millions? Could Pope Pius XII have really made that much of a difference? Should he have stepped in? What are the facts? Even though the Vatican’s policy is to remain neutral in world matters to prevent further conflict, the Pope should
consider with this is Pope Pius XII, The Vatican’s Pope during the time of World War II and the Holocaust. Although he didn’t say much outwardly and publicly, he did do things behind the scenes to aid the Jews and attempt to better the circumstances. The Pope and the Vatican, being in a position of power, should have taken greater action during the Holocaust, but his reasons behind his inaction were good-willed and preventive. Background In order to understand Pope Pius XII’s reasons for his actions
Saint Bernadette Soubirous The Soubirous family lived in the far north of the little town of Lourdes, in the Lapaca district. A large stream flowed there, and on this stream there were seven mills; one of them known as the Boly Mill, and this had been the residence of the Soubirous. Francois Soubirous leased the mill from relatives of his wife, Louise. In many ways, it was the trade of the miller that had brought the couple together. They had married on the parish church on 9th January 1843. By
careful examination of her writing. Becoming a Doctor of the Church is truly one of the highest, most... ... middle of paper ... ...opularity with the common people because of her common works, she was beatified in 1923 and later canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1925. Saint Therese of Lisieux led a simple life and did simple deeds that people can do everyday, yet her deeds touched people’s lives and made them feel important and worthy. Her dedication to helping out impresses me and proves that little
In the Encyclical on Birth Control by Pope Paul VI, Natural Law Theory is used to argue against the use of birth control. The Encyclical, according to the Pope, assumes that humans are free and responsible, possessing a free will that makes us responsible moral agents. One of the thoughtful duties that lies in humans is the transmission of human life, “for which married persons are the free and responsible collaborators of God the Creator” (174). Along with the duty that lies in humans there are