Photonics Lab Introduction In the world of communication, lasers can be very helpful in transporting a variety of information across the planet. In this experiment, we decided to advance our knowledge about lasers and perform more tedious activities with them. Instead of shooting lasers through a gelatin substance and reading angles in which they reflect, we were going to step it up a bit. This time our final goal was to be able to verbally communicate through space using a laser. Photonics is
Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Why silicon integrated photonics? The observation by Gordon Moore in 1965 (now universally referred to as Moore’s law) that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit would double every couple of years has become a beacon that continues to drive the electronics industry [1]. Integrated circuits have grown exponentially from the 30-transistor devices of 1965 to today’s high-end microprocessors exceeding 500 million transistors integrated on a silicon chip the
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Photonic Crystals Motivation In the last few decades, a new frontier has opened up due to tremendous advancement of semiconductor technology which have brought incredible changes to our society and the life of people. The aim has become to control the optical properties of materials. A massive range of technological developments become possible by engineering of such materials that respond to light waves over a desired range of frequencies. They can perfectly reflect the
Photonic Band Gap Materials:  A little history behind Photonic Band Gap materials (PBG)? In 1987, an American physicist and engineer named Eli Yablonovitch and Canadian physics professor from the University of Toronto Canada, Sajeev John constructed artificial structures that then became the concept of PBG material. In order to evaluate this concept they created a 3D prototype diamond lattice in Plexiglas, which is a type of acrylic glass material. With this creation they were able
Photonic Semiconductor Abstract- Photonic semiconductor is deeply integrated in electronic circuit designs and widely used in many sorts of applications, they act as electrical to optical or optical to electrical transducers. This paper aims to discuss various optoelectronic devices; their structure, materials, theory of operation, merit properties and characteristics that recommends them for various applications. I. Introduction Optoelectronics is a branch of Photonics Science concerns with devices
Photonics / Optics Specialist Often overlooked, light plays a big factor in everyday life; it is the key to survival. Light is used for everything from cellular respiration to the lasers in DVD players. Photonics and optics both involve the study of light. Photonics is the study of how light can be used to transfer information. Meanwhile, optics focuses mainly on the way light affects and is affected by other things. An optics or photonics specialist is the name given to someone who has expertise
S.-Y.Wang, R.S. Williams, Optical metamaterials at near and mid-IR range fabricated by nanoimprint lithography, Appl. Phys. A 87 (2007) 147. [8] Na Liu, Hongcang Guo, Liwei Fu, Stefan Kaiser, Heinz Schweizer & Harald Giessen, Three-dimensional photonic metamaterials at optical frequencies, Nature Materials 7, 31 - 37 (2008) [9] S. Maruo, O. Nakamura, S. Kawata, Three-dimensional microfabrication with two-photon-absorbed photopolymerization, Opt. Lett. 22 (1997) 132. [10] Wei Zhao and Xiaopeng
order as the spectra of light falls in due to wavelengths much like a rainbow. First red with the greatest wavelength moving to orange, yellow, green, until you get to shorter wavelengths such as blue, then finally violet. Unlike Three dimensional photonic crystals, Diffraction
There is a cricket maxim, "To save a run is to make a run." I am a diehard fan of cricket and the stated adage has set the academic and professional directions of my career. My country is grasped by a serious energy crisis that is impinging on the entire economy and society. Electricity shortfall across the country has surged over the years. During maximum countrywide temperatures, demand strikes peak and we experience continuous power outages. Regular power cuts aspired me to explore efficient electric
The contribution of engineering including all branches are now undoubtedly keys to glories, enhancement over every respect and enlightened human. Electrical and electronic engineering is one of the dominating engineering branches. Most of the control systems, communication instruments, industrial equipment etc, are without application of electrical and electronic technology can not be surmised. But least developing countries like us have lack of knowledge and amenities to meet the engineering needs
in annual revenue. So what does BinOptics produce? BinOptics designs, develops, and manufactures monolithically integrated optoelectronic components based on the proprietary technology developed at Cornell University. It also produces integrated photonic components, which include its lasers. These components can be integrated into indium phosphide and other semiconductor materials, which give BinOptics a competitive advantage. This unique platform allows the company to meet commercial requirements
are taught that there are only four states of matter: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Fortunately this is not true as that would be boring. There are also at least 4 other-less common states and Icontest a fifth. These are Bose-Einstein condensate, photonic molecules, quark-gluon plasma, superconductors, and superfluids. They all have unique properties that clearly distinguish differences between them and the traditional four states. These breakthroughs could help us in the future and have some practical
"Polarimetric analysis of the thirty meter telescope (TMT) for modeling instrumental polarization characteristics." SPIE Astronomical Telescopes+ Instrumentation. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2014. Casagrande, L., et al. "Strömgren Survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology: Let the SAGA Begin." Astrophysical Journal 787.2 (2014): 110. Costes, Vincent, Guillaume Cassar, and Laurent Escarrat. "Optical design of a compact telescope
Background: Dinoflagellates are one of the four main types of phytoplankton, which are photosynthetic, single celled and free living organisms in the ocean. Dinoflagellates cause the Harmful Algal Blooms (HAB) also known as the red tide effect (Hackett et al 2004). Toxicity persisting at upper levels of the food chain is detected in them from the ones which are toxic, but not all such blooms are toxic. Enhanced detection capabilities may in part contribute to observed high frequency and severity
research and development organization that is recognized throughout the world for its achievements in science and technology. Currently, Bell Laboratories is focusing on developing: Digital signal processor algorithms, Lightwave communications (photonics), Networking, Silicon chips, Software, and Wireless communications.10 Business Communications Systems design, manufacture, install, and service advanced voice and multimedia systems worldwide.11 Consumer Products design, manufacture, sell, and lease
Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is the integration of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators and electronics on a common silicon substrate using microfabrication techniques. MEMS are a hot area of research because they integrate sensing, analyzing and responding on the same silicon substrate hence promising realization of complete systems-on-a-chip. As MEMS are manufactured using batch fabrication techniques similar to IC technology, MEMS are expected to
PHYS1002 Assignment 2 a) What materials have been used previously for PV solar cells powering space stations? [25] A Photovoltaic solar cell (PVSC) is an electrical device which converts light from the visible spectrum into direct current (DC) electricity (Honsberg). The International Space Station (ISS) originally used purified silicon solar cells for electrical generation. Silicon cells were primarily used as a result of their relatively light weight and heat conduction properties (Wittry
2.3 Graphene Oxide Graphene Oxide is single sheets containing defect sites arising from partial oxidation of the edge and basal plane and graphene is an atomically flat single layer of C-atoms with outstanding electrical, mechanical and photonic properties. Figure 1 below shows the structure of graphene oxide. Figure 1: Structure of Graphene Oxide (Gao et al., 2009) Graphene oxide is an amorphous with an sp2 hybridised carbon (graphene) base littered with oxygen groups a C/O ratio of between
Optical Communication Optical communication is defined as a communication in which light carries signal from one end to another. Optical communication depends on optical fibers to carry out the signals to the other end or to the destination. Optical communication has three building blocks transmitter, receiver and medium. Optical fibers are used as transmission medium. Advantages of Optical communication/Optical fiber: • Optical Fiber Cables can run long distance like 40KM, without repeating. For
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