PM or particulate matter is made up of dust, ash, smoke, fumes, vapors and mists. Particulate matter that is emitted directly is called primary PM, particulate matter that forms in the atmosphere by gas is called secondary pm. There are two health based standards for particulate matter, PM10 for particles smaller than 10 microns and PM2.5 for particles smaller than 2.5. PM10 is made of course dust particles. Common sources are crushing or grinding operations and dust stirred up in fields or roads
between particulate matter and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, especially in elderly individuals (Koken, et al, 2003). Particulate matter defined as any particle that measures less than or equal to ten micrometers (< 10µm PM10) or two point five micrometers(< 2.5µm PM2.5) that form from solid particles and liquid droplets. Most particulate matter forms due to vehicle admissions, industrials processes or wood burnings. Additionally, it has also been suggested that ultra fine particulate matter
What are the pollutants? And how do they affect our bodies? In order to understand how air pollution affects our body, you must under stand exactly what this pollution is. The pollutants that harm our respiratory system are known as particulates. Particulates are the small solid particles that you can see through a ray of sunlight. They are products of incomplete combustion in engines (example: automobile engines), road dust, and wood smoke. Billions... ... middle of paper ... ... society
UNIVERSITY OF THE PEOPLE WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT UNIT 6 Introduction Air pollution come about when gaseous particles, particulate matter, smoke or odor are introduced into the earth’s atmosphere in ways that make these particles harmful to living things. This harmful condition occurs because the air becomes unclean (Doršner, 2016). Some of the main air pollutants in Ghana include Dust (particulate matter), nitrogen dioxide, and Sulphur dioxide. The causes of air pollution include burning fossil fuels, agricultural
Korobaeff, M., Aubier, M. (1998). Short-term effects of low-level winter pollution on respiratory health of asthmatic adults. Archives of Environmental Health 53(5), 320–328. Ostro, B., Chestnut, L. (1998). Assessing the health benefits of reducing particulate matter air pollution in the United States. Environmental Research 76, 94–106. Sheppard, L., Levy, D., Norris, G., Larson, T.V., Koenig, J.Q. (1999). Effects of ambient air pollution on nonelderly asthma hospital admissions in Seattle, Washington
During the cold seasons, fire places are running often and people are burning more firewood than ever. As known, fireplaces emit smoke and particulate matter into the air. Burning firewood can create environmental damage to our valley (“Wood Smoke and Your Health”). This greatly impacts the Central Valley’s air pollution problem, which is why many cities, if not all, have specific burn days.
in a scale of airborne particles with diameters ranging from a few nanometers to several nanometers. Even they are small particles in size, they are dominant contributors to particle number even it is capable to contribute little to the mass of particulate matter in ambient air. (Health Effects Institute, 2013). They are also represent about 80% of particles in terms of number concentration in an urban environment (Morawska et al., 1998). There are variety of sources of ultrafine particles. According
during pregnancy. The most severe affects from these toxins include cancer, short-and-long-term morbidity, and stillbirth. Still damaging, yet less traumatizing effects include low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth. PM2.5 is particulate matter in the air. One study shows it reduces birth weight by 3.1 g (Gray, 2013). Because most of air pollution is attributed to gas and diesel fuels, this problem is long from being solved. With the population ever increasing, more vehicles will
become a problem in modern cities. Air pollution is any type of gas released in big enough quantities that it becomes detrimental to human health. In the People’s Republic of China it has become one of the leading causes of death. High-levels of particulates and sulfur dioxide are recorded in many Chinese cities. These cities are often regarded as the most polluted in the world. Much of this pollution is generated by power plants and automobiles unregulated by the post-1978 reform era. Cause: Economic
water-borne diseases as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, and cholera. Sadly, children under the age of f... ... middle of paper ... ...tween exposure to particulate matter and respiratory problems such as asthma and bronchitis. Children, whose immune and respiratory systems are still developing, are more susceptible to the negative effects of particulate matter exposure, and are more likely to develop chronic respiratory diseases that a full-grown adult. Likewise, because these particles are so small
A strong dose-response relationship between particulate air pollution and adverse health effects in urban New Zealand has been reported in literature. The results of the study undertaken by Richardson, Pearce and Kingham (2011) indicate that modest reductions in PM10 are likely to have significant health benefits for the population, mainly reducing the incidence of respiratory disease mortality. Under the Resource Management Act 1991, the Ministry for the Environment provides Ambient Air Quality
and what is their composition? According to studies done by Brigham Young University on air pollution, air pollutants are made up of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, ozone, and lead (Health Problems 3). They are in particulate form meaning these compounds are particles 10 microns in size -- i.e., the diameter of an average human hair. In fact, most sources agree that these are the main components of outdoor, versus indoor, air pollution. Locally, the state of Arizona
China is Choking On Smog As a world’s most populous country, China, is experiencing breakneck growth in the process of industrialization and urbanization, with a roughly rate of 10 percent on GDP each year for the last three decades (World Bank). Now it is choking on something which is not only suffocating the lifeline of this country, but also shrinking those GDP for decades. That is the smog, the other Chinese landmark you can see from space through NASA satellite picture besides the Great Wall
twenty-seven percent comes from industrial facilities. The Environmental Protection Agency classified at least different types of air pollutants; ground-level ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides, and nitrogen oxides. Ground-level ozone also known as particulate matter and nitrogen oxide are identical and is created by chemical reactions with nitrogen and other organic compounds. These compounds come from motor vehicles, gasoline, and other industrial facilities. Exposure to ground-level ozone can cause
China’s rapid economic growth Due to the high rate of economic growth in what was a short amount of time, China is now dealing with adverse effects. These effects include high levels of pollution, wealth separation, property booms and an inefficient banking sector, and shortage of power. These effects will eventually catch up with China and cause a lot of problems for them. Since economic reform commenced in 1978, the Chinese economy has experienced astonishing economic growth.” The growth rate
environment in the form of air pollution (Auckland Regional Council, 2014). Air pollution can be measured by the level of particulate matter found in the air. Particulate matter is made up of very fine particles in the air which may be visible but are not always seen (Ministry of Transport, 2002). Air pollution due to transport causes an increase in the amount of fine particulate matter specifically PM₁₀. However there are also other molecules such as nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and carbon monoxide (CO)
when inhaled and can heighten respiratory illnesses such as asthma and bronchitis. Air toxics are the chemicals in the air that can cause cancer or serious health problems. Mercury, asbestos, and benzene are dangerous air toxics and diesel exhaust particulate is the number one airborne carcinogen in California (California’s drought, 2015). Allergens in the air also affect pollution as The drought has worsened over the past four years with the state seeing rising temperatures and dry conditions. Climate
atoms. Ozone is found naturally in the earth 's stratosphere (the Ozone layer) where it absorbs the sun 's harmful rays. But ozone closer to the earth 's surface is dangerous, and more commonly referred to as smog (Fresno Metro Ministry). Moreover, Particulate Matter (PM) is a generic term used to describe a mixture of fine airborne solid particles and liquid droplets that are present in the air. These tiny particles are invisible to the naked eye, but can cause serious health problems. Also called aerosols
Wildfires are massive fires that occur suddenly, particularly in rural areas with combustible vegetation, and can have many causes which may be natural or humanrelated. Both natural and unnatural causes of wildfires have advantages and disadvantages. The rate at which wildfires spread is highly dependent on their environment and other factors. Wildfires may pose a number of threats to human property, life, and health; however, even though they can be a hazard to humans, they are also an important
Trees are one of the capital assets in natural and have potential for long life as a memorial. Trees will change their colour, size and shape in different seasons. Urban trees mean tree grow within a city, town or a suburb. Each tree can make an important contribution to urban area. Urban trees are community’s infrastructure like streets, hospitals, public buildings and sidewalks. Urban trees and forests are very important in cities because trees work 24 hours every day for us to improve our urban