Following the Paleocene Epoch is the second stage of the Paleogene or Tertiary Period called the Eocene Epoch. The Eocene Epoch was marked by the dominance of angiosperms and the continuation of mammals as a result of radiation. The Eocene Epoch lasted from 57 to 35 millions of years ago. Being the second stage of Earth where there were no dinosaurs meant that there was a lot of room for other, previously less competitive species, to prosper. This epoch began as a result of the methane gas leak from
Climate is the average pattern of weather over a long period. The climate patterns play a crucial role in constructing the natural ecosystems. Different regions across the globe have different climate. The climate is warmer along the equator, while the poles experience a cooler climate; mountain areas and plateaus have cooler climate compared to the regions near the sea level. The climate difference is due to the diverse amounts of sunlight each region obtains as well as the different geographic
the western margin of the basin (USGS, 2013). The Powder River Basin is structurally separated from other basins by Laramide style tectonic landforms, where large portions of Archean basement rock were thrust upwards during the late Cretaceous and Paleocene (Flores, 2004). In Wyoming the Powder River Basin is surrounded by the Bighorn Mountains to the west, the Black Hills to the East, and the Laramie Mountains, Casper Arch, And Hartville Uplift to the South. To the north, in the Montana portion of
The Evolution of Primate locomotion and body Configuration After millions of years that humans separated from their relative primate how is that humans became bipedal. So many changes have happened to the human body to decide to stay on the ground and abandoned their lives in the trees. Primates evolved different body structures according to their lifestyle and the ecosystem in which they lived. As Charles Darwin natural selection stays; it could be as a result of new environments, the need for food
Cretaceous Extinction Event Causes, Evidence, and Effects on Biodiversity The most significant event of the Cretaceous era came at its end. Nearly 65 million years ago, the second most severe mass extinction in earth’s history occurred. This resulted in the loss of around 80% of species living at the time. Though nowhere near as severe as the end-Permian mass extinction, the end-Cretaceous extinction is the most well known mass extinction event. This is due to the violent event that caused
Earthquake is the earth tremor that results from the sudden release of the pent-up energy in the earth’s crust. This released energy creates the seismic waves that determine the frequency, type and size of the earthquakes. Any earthquakes whose magnitude is bellow 5 on the Richter scale is considered weak, while the earthquakes whose magnitude is above 7on the Richter scale is considered potentially dangerous. The largest earthquake ever register in the history of man is the earthquake in Japan in
Examining the Cretaceous-Paleogene Extinction Event Over 98% of all organisms that have lived on Earth are now extinct. A mass extinction event occurs when a large number of species die out within a small time frame (relative to the age of Earth). Mass extinctions are intensively studied for both cause and effect, as there is usually room for debate regarding catalysts that precede the extinction and the massive influx of new biological species that follows. There have been five major mass extinctions
3 Kalri Thrust Along this thrust Salt range formation is exposed over Warrcha Formation 5.4.4 Chambalwala Normal Fault Along this fault Amb formation is exposed in juxta postion with Hangu Formation, Lockhart Limestone and Patala Formation. The Paleocene Strata is dipping opposite to the the fault. 5.5 JOINTS Block joints and slumping are very common in the Eocene limestone which has resulted in forming columnar blocks of limestone.
The evolution of the elephant specie initiates the modification in the genetic traits of an elephant through sequential generations; hence the independent species divided into separate divisions. The subspecies therefore evolved and developed independently, and ultimately expanded and branched out to form advanced species, resulting in the formation and evolution of the modern elephant specie. The current elephant is a large herbivorous mammal, native in Southern Asia and Africa. The elephant species
very scientifically important and have been studied by experts from around the world. The Ulster Museum holds particularly important collections of brachiopods, fish teeth and other fossils from the Carboniferous, sponges from the Cretaceous, and Paleocene plants. The geology collections in Northern Ireland consist of approximately 30,000 fossils, 11,000 minerals and 4,000 rocks. Its major strengths are fossils from the Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks which fringe the Antrim Plateau, fossils from the
Ocean Acidification Al Gore once said, “CO2 is the exhaling breath of our civilization,” this quote is completely accurate human civilization resolves around the production, consumption, use of entities that contain CO2. Due to our extreme use of CO2 based products we are causing a rapid spike in the CO2 levels in the atmosphere, the Mauna Loa CO2 records indicate CO2 levels has risen from 315ppm in 1960 to 403ppm in 2016 and it is still rising (noaa). This drastic increase of this toxic gas is
Ocean acidification, resulting from the increased acidity of the ocean, is one of the lesser known implications of climate change, but it has the capacity to completely alter the marine ecosystem. Scientists have previously neglected ocean acidification because it was thought that rivers contained a sufficient amount of dissolved chemical from rocks to stabilize the ocean’s pH. However, in recent years, scientists have become aware of the effects that the increased anthropogenic CO2 has on the ocean
couple of different rocks and minerals. These rocks and minerals are what make up their landforms such as their mountain ranges and plains. The main groups of rocks that make up Jamaica from oldest to youngest are early Cretaceous, late Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene (users.skyne.be). These rocks range from 120 million years old to 2 million years old. In Jamaica, they have made an obelisk monument that has all the different rocks stacked onto each other
Rising from the Plains by John McPhee is about an influential geologist, John David Love, interpreting the geologic history of Wyoming. The surface area of Wyoming has been subjected to many geological formations from the rise of the Rocky Mountains through the Laramide Orogeny in late Cretaceous time to the deep structural basin known as the Jackson Hole with rock dating back to the Precambrian period. Throughout each time period of the Earth’s history, the surface of Wyoming has experienced significant
The Franciscan Complex Introduction The Franciscan Terrane of central California represents an accretionary complex formed by long-term subduction of an oceanic plate under the Western margin of the North American craton. The Franciscan complex is composed of three distinguishable belts: the eastern belt (Yolla Bolly and Pickett Peak terranes), the central belt, and the coastal belt. Age and metamorphic grade of the belts decreases to the west (Blake and Jones, 1981). Formation of the accretionary
According to fossil evidence, the early predecessor of primates might have been existed in the late Cretaceous period which was between 145.5 and 65.5 million years ago; an early close primate relative known from ample that still remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis, circa 55–58 million years ago (Chatterjee, Ho, Barnes and Groves ,2009). The primate branch might be even older than first thought, emerging in mid-Cretaceous era which was around 85 million years ago as being suggested by the molecular
INTRODUCTION The order Lagomorpha consists of two extant families: Leporidae (hares and rabbits) and Ochotonidae (pikas) and several extinct families. The purpose of this paper is to identify the characterize biogeographical migration patterns of Lagomorphs and why. The natural geographical distribution today of the lagomorphs is found throughout Europe, Asia and North America. Figure 1 is an illustration depicting the various time periods as well as the number of million years ago (Mckenna 1997)
At first glance it seems that from the title, The Drowned World, is just another attempt by JG Ballard to publish a book that uses scientific reasoning to validate the impending doom and failure of man-kind to deal with climatic change. The title also suggests that the world has already succumbed to the fate of a disaster and has been flooded. Moreover, there are many visual clues suggesting the author’s approach to climate change falls in the genre of cli-fi. For instance, one of the clues is the
Pumping and tracer tests are known as valuable tests to measure aquifer parameters such as hydraulic conductivity. Hydraulic conductivity is an important parameter to demonstrate the main characteristics of aquifer especially in heterogeneous karst terrain. In this research, results of pumping and tracer tests are analyzed to determine the hydraulic conductivity as the main characteristic of the karst terrain at the Salman Farsi Dam Site. Diagnostic plot technique is applied to facilitate the identification
Climate change is temperature increasing over a long period of time. Climate is imoortant to both humans and ecosyestems in order to thrive. One slight change can disrupt an entire ecosystem. Most people recognize that greenhouse gasses such carbon dioxide have been contributing to climate change. Greenhouse gases are part of earth’s many natural processes. Greenhouse gasses are important to keeping the earth at an overall warm temperature. When When sunlight shines down to Earth, it warms the