Gene expression is the ability of a gene to produce a biologically active protein. This process is regulated by the cells of an organism, it is very important to the survival of organisms at all levels. This is much more complex in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes. A major difference is the presence in eukaryotes of a nuclear membrane, which prevents the simultaneous transcription and translation that occurs in prokaryotes. Initiation of protein transcription is started by RNA polymerase. The activity
water molecules at higher light intensities. Photosynthesis will reach a maximum rate when chlorophyll is saturated by sunlight. The Dark Reaction An increase in temperature will increase the rate of glucose production until it reaches the optimum temperature for the enzymes. The enzymes will be denatured if it goes above a certain temperature. An increase in carbon dioxide will also increase the rate of glucose production. Millions of years ago there was much more carbon dioxide
which consists of 4 ml of starch and 6 ml of water in a test tube Ø Check the temperature of the water in the water bath with a thermometer that should be at 37°c, approximate body temperature. The temperature should be at 37°c as this is an optimum temperature range and if temperatures exceed this range too much the enzymes become denatured. This is because the enzyme loses its shape and gradually stops working. When the water in the water bath is at the required temperature of 37°c then
[IMAGE] Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen The activity of the enzyme catalyse can therefore be measured by the amount of oxygen (in the form of froth) that is produced. Prediction: The enzyme catalyse will have an optimum temperature of between 40‹-45‹. If the temperature rises above this temperature range or below this temperature range, the rate of enzyme activity
occurs naturally, which is the net movement of molecules from a region of high concentration (beetroot sample) to a region of low concentration (distilled water). From 40°C upwards there is a sudden increase of absorbency, this is because the optimum temperature of which enzymes and cells can work at is 37°C and as soon as you go above this temperature it will cause the enzymes and cells to denature and cease from working as effectively. Even if you then lower the temperature again the cell
With a current population of over twenty three million people, Australia is one of the most multicultural and diverse nation in the world. As such it is quite obvious that its population is expected to grow extensively in the coming years. A population is the total number of inhabitants of a certain area, in this case Australia’s population and its expansion over the next thirty four years. It is projected that by 2050, Australia will have a population roughly thirty five million people, this could
Hypothesis: The graph below shows the rate increasing as the enzymes get closer to their optimum temperature (around 35 degrees Celsius) from room temperature. The enzyme particles are moving quicker because the temperature increases so more collisions and reactions occur between the enzymes and the substrate molecules. After this the graph shows the rate decreasing as the enzymes are past their optimum temperature (higher than). They are getting exposed to temperatures that are too hot and
rate will also increase, until a certain optimum temperature, after which, the rate will decrease until the rate is zero as respiration has stopped completely. Reason As temperature increases, rate of respiration increases, because particles move faster and with more energy, which in turn means more particles collide with enough energy to react. However, as temperature increases, enzyme stability decreases, so at temperatures above the optimum temperature, the rate will decrease, until
Chemistry Investigation An investigation to find the optimum temperature that will produce the maximum amount of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide using the enzyme catalase Introduction Hydrogen peroxide is poisonous to all living things if it builds up in the cells but when it is introduced to the enzyme catalase the react between the two makes water and oxygen as byproducts. There are many factors witch affect the production of oxygen these are listed below. For this experiment the enzyme
The Rate of Hydrolysis of Sucrose Hypothesis - The digestion of sucrose into glucose and fructose is carried out by the presence of the enzyme Sucrase. The activity of the enzyme will be greatest at its optimum temperature since at this temperature the enzyme's tertiary structure will be correct to allow the formation of the substrate-enzyme complex quickly and efficiently. This should be at 37°C (body temperature), which is the temperature of the ileum where Sucrase is secreted and naturally
gelatine (protein) on the back of photographic film. Prediction I predict that the effect of the temperature will be that the higher the temperature the quicker the enzyme will break down the gelatine, but the temperature will have to be an optimum temperature because if it is too high, the enzyme will be denatured. If the temperature is too low, the enzyme will not work and stay stable. Increasing the temperature provides more heat energy. This increases the kinetic energy and makes the
function correctly. If the 3D shape is altered or destroyed the enzyme will not function and will become denatured. The 3D shape is held to together by bonds and if these bonds are broken, the 3D shape is lost and the enzyme is denatured. The optimum temperature for body enzymes is 37ËšC. Amylase will only work in an alkaline condition. Lock and Key [IMAGE] Apparatus list: Five test tubes Dimpled tile Starch solution Matches Amylase solution Pipettes (1/gp) Stop watches Splints
Analysis of the Enzyme Sucrase for Optimum Temperature, pH, and Concentration ABSTRACT Enzymes react differently under different conditions and concentrations, being the most productive at the enzymes specific optimum condition and concentration. The enzyme sucrase, extracted from yeast, breaks down the complex sugar sucrose into the simple sugar glucose. Testing for sucrase’s optimum environment, multiple reactions were ran using varying amounts and concentrations of sucrose and sucrase at
In the book “The Goal”, Alex Rogo manages a production plant owned by UniCo Manufacturing where everything is always behind schedule. At the beginning of the book, Bill Peach, the division’s vice president, tells Alex that he has three months to turn the factory around from being slow and unprofitable to successful and profitable or the plant will be shut down. While reading this book, one comes to understand the many problems confronting management. Achieving a set goal is one of them. The organization
be more collisions between the substrates and the enzyme (glucose and the yeast). The increase in temperature increases the efficiency of the enzymes up to a point where they are at maximum efficiency this is about 40°C; this is called the optimum temperature. After this point the enzymes begin to denatured, this is where they are given so much kinetic energy what the bonds break and this leads to the active site changing shape. This leads onto the lock and key theory that says that the
Investigating Amylase Aim: The aim of the experiment is to investigate how effectively the enzyme amylase breaks down starch at different temperatures, and therefore to find the optimum temperature that amylase digests starch. Introduction: Thousands of chemical reactions take place in our cells and those reactions need to happen quickly in order to keep us active. These chemicals are called ENZYMES. Enzymes make reactions happen at a much faster rate. Enzymes come in two main
there are working. PH - Different enzymes work best at different levels of pH. Concentration of substrate I have chosen to investigate temperature. I predict that raising the temperature will raise the rate of reaction until it reaches its optimum temperature. Raising the temperature beyond this point will lower the rate of reaction until it is too high for a reaction to take place. Here is a graph of rate and temperature: [IMAGE] Activation energy [IMAGE][IMAGE] For
the enzyme is left unaffected. The factors that affect enzymes are: temperature, pH and surface area. Enzymes are used in everyday life because all living things produce enzymes. Saliva in a human produces a lot of enzymes for digestion. The optimum temperature for these enzymes to work in is 37.5 °C. Enzymes also perform best at a pH which is around neutral. When an enzyme reaches 40°C it becomes denatured. Enzymes are also used in industry e.g. bakery, cheese making, starch processing and
Indonesia is a country in south-east Asia. It has the world’s highest population of Muslims and is the world’s 4th most populous country. Its capital is Jakarta. Having its world rank at 18th by economy, 15th largest in purchasing parity respectively, thus becoming a slowly progressive country. In this essay, I will be talking about how the changes in demographic characteristics of Indonesia over the past 10 years can affect its economy in terms of unemployment, GDP (Gross Domestic Product),
challenges and impacts of ageing population on OECD countries: higher age care facilities requirement and healthy life expectancies The challenges and impacts of ageing population on OECD countries which are; higher requirement of aged care facilities and the prevalence of health expectancies are examined in this essay. Several factors like nutrition and effective nursing care are the significant reasons behind this. The population of the world will age much faster in the