Little Cell Grow! Investigating Neurogenesis Neurogenesis, the production of new nerve cells, has been a revolutionary finding as nerve formation has always been thought to end with adulthood. It has not been until recently that such dogma has been contradicted as research findings report that neurogenesis continues in the hippocampus throughout most of the adult life of mammals and primates (1). Recent correlations have been further made between neurogenesis and depression as the latter depletes
traction in recent years, and it is viewed by many scientists to be a more feasible explanation of the pathophysiology of depression rather than the traditional monoamine theory. As more and more evidence is uncovered to support the plasticity and neurogenesis hypothesis of depression, it
Adult neurogenesis, the generation of new neurons in the adult brain, has become an important topic in neurobiology and is thought to be relevant to the way in which the brain repairs itself. However, for the most part, adult neurogenesis has been shown to be restricted to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone. This paper reports the novel finding that adult neurogenesis may occur in the brainstem vestibular nucleus complex (VNC), an area of the brain that is not normally
The researchers suggested that by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis in adult rats, the existing memories tended to weaken thereafter and retrieval of contextual fear memories would be difficult. In contrast, when the hippocampal neurogenesis was reduced, the existing memories would be more protected and retrieval of fear memories would be possible afterward. Frankland et al., (2013) discussed the effects of hippocampal neurogenesis on infantile amnesia by comparing guinea pigs to rats or mice
These studies have provided some insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that are responsible for transience both on a short time scale and over a much longer time period. However, they only provide insight into how the phenomenon of transience comes to be without tackling the question of what is the purpose of transience with respect the brain functionality. This question can be answered by using intuition, an understanding of the mechanisms behind transience as outlined above, as well as knowledge
There are many misconceptions about memory that influences the strength of eye witness testimonies in court cases. Law enforcement officers, judges, and the general public believe that human memory works like a video camera so everything people remember must be true and accurate. If the person recalling the memory has high confidence in the accuracy of the memory, even if it were an adult recalling a childhood event, the memory is more likely to be believed as true. However, memory must be encoded
Neurogenesis is the creation of new brain cells. Even though neural connections are “wired early and are resistant to change” we now know through neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, that these connections can and do change over our lifespan (Fishbane, 2007, p. 397). The most rapid period of neurogenesis occurs at the embryonic state of human development (Rutecki, 1992), called embryogenesis. At this stage
For many years before pharmaceutical drugs were founded, a holistic approach to medicine was the only way to treat sickness and disease. Plants and herbs produced by the Earth were found to have many healing properties and with the production of cannabidiol (CBD) oil clinical researchers are seeing the same holistic advances today. CBD oil is derived from a natural cannabis plant containing no THC and benefitting many people across the globe. Through clinical research CBD oil has been founded to
Test subjects that took MAOIs, on the other hand, showed an increase in desire but a decrease in the ability to climax. Subjects that took SSRIs showed an overall 2% decrease in libido and had an 24% chance of obtaining sexual dysfunction (Werneke, Northey, & Bhugra, et al., 2006). The findings show that antidepressants increase the chances of having some form of sexual dysfunction. Interestingly, some of the symptoms caused by depression can also be induced by antidepressants like lack of sleep
Alcohol, also known as ethanol, is a legal substance, which causes a person to become relaxed and “care-free”. Once alcohol is consumed, it is released into the bloodstream, which causes the brain to react, causing side effects. When a woman drinks alcohol while being pregnant, it can cause some physical and mental damage to the fetus. When a fetus is affected by alcohol exposure, it is called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). If the affects are severe, it is then termed Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
For a majority of people, their earliest childhood memory is nothing more than a fragment of something that happened when they were three to four years old. This fragment in some way, shape, or form must have been important in some way if it was the one memory remembered out of the countless number hidden away in the deep trenches of the mind. My mind seems to have chosen the fragment of a memory from when I was about three or four, yet, I cannot absolutely guarantee if this is correct. I may have
Fasting for brain health? Is it good? Overview Fasting has been known to improve the functioning and productivity of the brain. Research according to Patrick Flynn and Kellyyann Petrucci show that; fasting helps the brain to get rid or reduce chances of getting neurodegenerative ailments. However, many people think that fasting is advantageous to those who want to lose weight and gaining muscles but the brain gains a lot. The brain grows stronger and active and reduces levels of stress. In addition
Organogenesis, Myogensis, neurogenesis and opsgenesis; these four things are key components to the construction of fetal development, which includes the embryo, zygote and fetus. In this paper I will examine, discuss and describe the changes in fetal development such as weight, length, growth of limbs and how everything correlates with the mother also. The zygote is the result of a female egg being fertilized by a sperm cell. For two consecutive weeks rapid cell division in effect, but it only takes
that kids lack the machinery for this. A lot of things have to be put to a motion for a memory to be created in the brain. Another one is that kids lack any kind narrative or vocab to describe an event. Kids also go through shredding or neurogenesis. Neurogenesis is the process of making new neurons and this can disrupt circuits in the brain that make them forget things. Also, it is easy for kids to get their memories mixed up with other people’s memories if it’s similar to an existing memory. The
John F Kennedy once said, “Physical fitness is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body, it is the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual activity.” He believed that a person who has conditioned their body will exceed when striving towards intellectual achievements. Parents across America have seen the influence that physical exercise can have on students. After school physical education programs, such as sports, not only condition the students to maintain physical health, they
These changes may last through generations of cell divisions. Although it was once thought that there was no new generation of neurons in the nervous system, studies have shown that the brain retains neural stem cells (NSCs) into adulthood, and neurogenesis continues to occur. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are the initial cells found in the nervous system and differentiate into the main cell types: oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons. There are three epigenetic mechanisms which are involved in each
We all know what zombies are, from all kinds of movies and shows that try to show what a zombie really looks like and what a zombie apocalypse looks like. Have you ever wondered what a zombie outbreak could really look like? Research shows that zombies could exist or be created because viruses, bacterial infections and fungi and many other things, show symptoms of possible zombie behavior. Humans can get infected by Fungi. Fungi exist in most of the world’s forests. Fungi, trees and other plants
Cushing’s syndrome is a disorder resulting from a prolonged exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids. It is subdivided into two groups based on the cause of the hypercortisolism, either adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) -dependent or –independent.1 ACTH-independent is usually caused by the use of exogenous glucocorticoid therapy 2 or from autonomous cortisol secretion by the adrenal glands.1 The most common cause of endogenous ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome is caused by autonomous adrenal overproduction
The ocellaris clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) is also known as the common clownfish or false percula clownfish, and was named by Georges Cuvier in 1830. It belongs to the Amphiprion genus, which consists of 29 extant species. However, the subfamily Amphiprioninae also contains another genus, Premnas, which has a single member. They are closely related to damselfishes with which they create the Pomacentridae family. The ocellaris clownfish is oftentimes confused with A. percula, the orange clownfish
Introduction The influence of exercise and its beneficial impact on cardiovascular health has been observed in multiple epidemiological and mechanistic studies (1). In addition to the cardiovascular health benefits of exercise, there has been a positive correlation with exercise and improvements in glucose regulation, weight control, and even clinical depression (1). The impact of exercise has helped promote the positive prognoses of several pathologies; more recently, exercise has even demonstrated