The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) The Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) is a splinter group of the PDKI and is led by Khalid Azizi. In 2006, at the PDKI’s 13th convention, the dispute over choosing its next leader led some senior members to leave the party. Under Azizi’s leadership, they created the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP). In 2012, “the PDKI and KDP met in Iraqi Kurdistan to discuss a possible reunification,”[11] however, for the time being, they function independently. The KDP is based
Introduction I Adnan Menderes Adnan Menderes was born to a wealthy landowner in 1899 in Aydin province. He was awarded a medal of honour for his efforts in the Turkish war of independence. Menderes was invited by Ataturk to join the Republican Peoples Party and was then elected as the deputy of Aydin by party leaders. Due to his opposition to Ismet Inonu’s nationalization policies he was expelled from the party in 1945. Adnan Menderes served as prime minister of the
for 623 years part of the Ottoman Empire. In 1918 shortly after World War one allied forces occupied Turkey. This occupation prompted the Turkish War of Independence. This led to the creation of the Turkish National Movement under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Pasha, a military commander. The goal of the Turkish National Movement was to reject the terms of the Treaty of Sevres, which was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies. Following the end of the war in 1922 the Allied forces were
Turkish is one of the youngest and rapidly developing languages; furthermore approximately 80 million people speak Turkish as a mother language in the world. 1928 was a very crucial year for the development of the Modern Turkish language because Latin alphabet adopted instead of Arabic script and after this transition numerous events sequentially shape the Turkish language. On the other hand, the use of contemporary the Turkish language triggers some concerns. Although the Turkish language has been
Of all Turkish military leaders, the young Lieutenant Colonel Mustafa Kemal earned a reputation as the most competent leader at driving the operations process. Mustafa Kemal effectively understood, visualized, described, directed, and led operations at the battle of Gallipoli to defeat Allied forces. Kemal possessed an unparalleled understanding of the situation in Gallipoli. Just two years prior to the Battle of Gallipoli, Mustafa Kemal served in the Balkan Wars as Chief Operations Officer of the
course of modernization in all walks of life. Turkey would base its political and legal sytems on the modern secular models as well as strengthening its political relations with the West to reach its goals as a new republic. The goals as expressed by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, the leader of the nationalist movement and first president of the Turkish Republic, were "to reach the level of contemporary civilization". To achieve these goals, a doctirne for foreign relations was created; as Atarurk said, "Peace
The significant stages of the Turkish War of Independence under the Command of Mustafa Kemal are Recapturing Sarýkamýþ, Kars and Gümrü Çukurova, Gazi Antep, Kahramanmaraþ, Þanlý Urfa defenses (1919 - 1921) Ist Ýnönü Victory IInd Ýnönü Victory Sakarya Victory Great Attack, Battle of the Chief Commander and the Great Victory After the Sakarya Victory, National Assembly bestowed the rank of marashal on Mustafa Kemal and the Gazi (veteran) title. War of Independences came to end with the Lozanne
(1995). Alevism as Muslim subdivi... ... middle of paper ... ...neral, been discriminated against. (Kommersant news, 2013). This step in the country was regarded as a departure from the secular principles of the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. The question we ask what does this law mean for people? One of the Turkish professors while explaining turkish culture, mentioned that wearing hijab is the choice of woman. Despite the fact that women in Turkey do not have to wear hijab
The lives and prosperity of millions of people depend on peace and, in turn, peace depends on treaties - fragile documents that must do more than end wars. Negotiations and peace treaties may lead to decades of cooperation during which disputes between nations are resolved without military action and economic cost, or may prolong or even intensify the grievances which provoked conflict in the first place. In 1996, as Canada and the United States celebrated their mutual boundary as the longest undefended
Journey in the Jeep - Original Writing The air in Icmeler was humid. I could hardly breathe. When the water bounced off the sides of the jetty it was incredibly refreshing. I could smell the seaweed from miles away. It was disgusting. Sweat was dripping from my brow all day long. I was constantly buying ice creams, just to keep cool. Every day I was awakened by the same sound. It was the big tourist boats revving up their engines. Every morning I would sit on my elegantly decorated balcony
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (March 12, 1881 - November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. He was born in the Ottoman city of Selânik (now Thessaloniki in Greece), where his birthplace is the Turkish Consulate and is also preserved as a museum. In accordance with the then prevalent Turkish custom, he was given the single name Mustafa. His father, Ali Riza (Efendi) was a customs officer who died when Mustafa was a child, his mother was
school age, little Mustafa started school at the neighborhood classes of Hafız Mehmet Efendi and later, with his father's choice, was transferred to Şemsi Efendi School. He lost his father in 1888 where upon he stayed at the farm of his maternal uncle for a while and returned to Salonika to complete his studies. He registered at the Salonika Mülkiye Rüştiye (secondary school) and soon transferred to the military Rüştiye. While at this school, his math teacher, also named Mustafa, added "Kemal" to
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk born on 1881 was the first president of Turkey. He fought in the First World War as an army general and he was also a revolutionary who led the young Turks in abolishling the caliphate. He was given the name Ataturk in 1934 when surnames in Turkey were first introduced and like the meaning of his name ‘Ataturk’ he was the credited founder of the Republic of Turkey. The fall of the great Ottoman Empire was officially marked with the Treaty of Severes. The victors, Britain and
development and modernization In Afghanistan During Amanullah Khan, and Turkey: I. Introduction: This paper will examine the process of modernization and development in Afghanistan during the era of Amanullah Khan (1919-1929) and Turkey during the era of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1918-1938). Each state had used multiple theories of modernization and different approaches in order to modernize the state and be modernized. Modernization and development happened in both countries in chorus; while Afghanistan failed
The Importance the Gallipoli Campaign Succeeded Gallipoli is in Turkey, near the Dardanelle's. The Peninsula of Gallipoli lies in Turkey, which forms one side of the Dardanelles Straits, which is only about 45 miles long, its historic waterway links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea. The campaign was started on March 18th 1915. It was started to try and knock Turkey out of the war, because they had just signed an agreement with Germany and were now attacking Russia, also the Ottoman Empire
There is no doubt that life in the Middle East is a far cry from life as we know it in the Unites States. Having freedom of religious expression is a luxury many are not afforded in these areas; however, it is a freedom we often times do not give a second thought. Religion plays a significant role in all societies and all aspects of present-day life. Furthermore, religion gives many a reason to live, and a better understanding of the unknown. On the other hand religion has long been a controversial
EDUCATION IN TURKEY Education is the act or process of providing knowledge skills or competence by a formal course of instruction or training. Through out history societies have sought to educate their people to produce goods and services, to respond effectively and creatively to their world, and to satisfy their curiosity and aesthetic impulses. To achieve reliable knowledge and to think systematically. Over the course of human history education has appeared in many forms, both formalised and
Afghanistan was used as a buffer zone during the Great Game by Soviet Union and the Great Britain. They did not provide Afghanistan with the means to industrialize and that is why Afghanistan remains subsistence agriculture and a reinter state. With the decline of Colonialism after the Third Angola-Afghan war Afghanistan declared Independent (Barfield). When Amanullah Khan seized the throne he was very enthusiastic to develop a strong and modern state. Before Amanullah Khan only some effort had been
Did Ataturk cultivate the idea of revolution or demolish them? The historical debate continues to survive concerning whether the impressive figure, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, a remarkable leader of the Islamic Ottoman Empire, who led the nation to form the Republic of Turkey or abolished the true ideals of the nation when gaining ultimate power. Through his control between 1923-1938, Ataturk successfully embarked on a program of revolutionary social and political reform that furthered and modernized
Adjustment and Self-awareness Being a part of the military was a part of my dreams since my childhood, and my dreams came true when I became a midshipman in the Turkish Naval High School. I managed to be an international midshipman in the USNA when I prevailed among all of my classmates. I was successful, but inefficient and exhausted. In other words, I was putting effort in academics and leadership, and in everything more than normal. What I realized is that “Knowing yourself is the beginning of