The geology of Sicily has a long and complicated history originating during the Mesozoic. The features that compose the present-day Mediterranean is a result from two major processes: the subduction of the African plate underneath the Eurasian plate, and the closure of the Mediterranean Sea. Deposits of carbonate sediment and marine organisms that were deposited from the Tethys Sea (Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous), make up the oldest exposed rocks of western Sicily. During this time, the area’s
or extinct, such as orangutans or the Miocene apes, who both have a part in our human evolutionary history. By studying living primates we are able to compare social behaviors and find the roots of some of our very own social learnings. By studying extinct Miocene ape remains we are able to examine the physical properties that distinguish humans from other apes.I will be referencing two articles “” and “”, and discuss modern humans and apes ancestors the Miocene Apes, and behavior study of orangutans
and reconnection of continents, the drastic decline of CARBON DIOXIDE (in the late Miocene) and the formation of ice-age climate cycles. The origination of leporids in the Eocene occurred within a warmer and wetter climate. During the transition of Eocene to Oligocene global cooling started to take place while the number of fossil occurrences increased (Ge et al. 2013). Plant fossils from the early to middle Miocene indicate that forests and swamps dominate the vegetation in the northern hemisphere
Anatolian is a region in Turkey where vast amount of tectonic activity which was followed by magmatism took place during the Cenozoic era. The Anatolian microplate is bound to the north by the Mediterranean Sea, to the east by the Red sea and, to the south by the Aegean Sea. Ophiolites and suture zones seperate different pieces of continental blocks that came together to form the Anatolian microplate (Altunkaynak et al. 2012). Chorowicz (1999) defines Anatolia as a product of the African and Eurasian
evidence available is indirect (Cuozzo, 2008). The purpose of this research is to address the inferences that can be made about dentition and diet of extinct great apes from the Miocene by looking at dentition and diet of extant great apes including the bonobo, chimpanzee and gorilla. These diverse groups of vanished Miocene apes first existed millions of years ago and later diversified into various forms before they became extinct around 1.4 million years ago (Teaford, 2002). AIMS Reviewing the
During an excavation in the middle Awash Region of Ethiopia, Haille- Sellaise unearthed six hominid teeth. These were at first thought to be the fossilized teeth of Ardipithecus Ramidus. The teeth have now been determined to be from the late Miocene, and those of Ardipithecus Kadabba. These are the oldest hominid remains found, to date. Upon earlier digs in this region between 1997 and 2000, Haille- Sellasie discovered an earlier tooth and fragments of an arm bone. These remains were first
Kenya that Louis and Mary were excavating after obtaining the needed financial support. After a rousing morning of unearthing several excellent specimens, including an extinct crocodile, but after many reptilian finds, the team hit a rich vein of Miocene apes, or extinct apes currently dated from 23.03 to 5.333 million years ago. There were several extinct apes to choose from that could illuminate further man's evolution. After some digging, Mary had struck something. “I had not long left Louis when
proquest.com [Accessed 28 March 2004]. References articles from Nature “Geology and Paleontology of the Late Miocene Middle Awash Valley, Afar rift, Ethiopia,” Giday Woldegabriel, Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Paul R. Renne, William K. Hart, Stanley H. Ambrose, Berhane Asfaw, Grant Heiken, and Tim White, Nature 412, 175-178 (12 July 2001) C. Macmillan Publishers Ltd. “Late Miocene hominids from the Middle Awash Ethiopia,” Yohannes Haile-Selassie, Nature 412, 178-181 (12 July 2001) C. Macmillan
The Evolution of a Horse Throughout history, humans have depended on the horse. Horses have contributed to the growth of humankind as transportation, farm workers, and battle steeds. They have been trained to support humans in many ways. When did this relationship begin? At what point did the horse become a vital part of human society? Exploring the evolution of the horse can help to answer these questions. A mammal with hooves that have an odd number of toes on the rear feet are known as odd-toed
has been found in many parts of the world and these fossils found have been proven to be human. The parts of the world include Eurasia and Africa. Although fossils are found in Eurasia, the human ancestor the Hominoidea has been traced back to the Miocene epochs, which were 23 to 5 million years ago. The Hominoidea is a super-family, which contains many species that are existent today including, gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzee, and humans. Throughout history humans have migrated and evolved
Evidence suggests that early Odontocetes invaded the freshwater river systems at least three times, diverging completely during the late Oligocene to early Miocene period. Although contentious, there is a possibility of Iniidae, Pontoporiidae and Lipotiidae being monophyletic and thus a yet older invasion of the riverine habitat than the very first divergence is suggested. However invasion of the riverine environment
Rising from the Plains by John McPhee is about an influential geologist, John David Love, interpreting the geologic history of Wyoming. The surface area of Wyoming has been subjected to many geological formations from the rise of the Rocky Mountains through the Laramide Orogeny in late Cretaceous time to the deep structural basin known as the Jackson Hole with rock dating back to the Precambrian period. Throughout each time period of the Earth’s history, the surface of Wyoming has experienced significant
During the Miocene epoch which had taken place 23-5 million years ago. During this time it was much warmer and dryer than the previous epoch and that cause an increase in grasslands. This increase in grasslands lead to apes leaving the trees, which would be sparse, and heading to the ground to hunt for food. This change lead to an increase and diversification of apes during the epoch. Soon there a divergence from the great ape line and that was the emerging hominins in the late Miocene. Hominins
It lived in modernday Kenya. They did have antlers like a deer it’s body shape was like a deer also just a little taller. These animals grew to be four feet tall. This species lived fifteen million years ago in the in the miocene epoch. There was also the giraffa jumae which was most likely the direct ancestor to the modernday giraffe. They grew about one foot taller than giraffes today though. It lived thirteen million years ago. It looks almost exactly like a modernday giraffe
Porpoises, belonging to the genus Phocaenidae, are close relatives of dolphins. One of their unique characteristics that differ from other species of the same order is that they can produce clicks for echolocation at frequencies inaudible to humans. The reason for this is majorly influenced by the Orca, also known as the killer whale. Also, while at first glance dolphins and porpoises look of the same species, they actually are classified into two different geni. Part of this separate taxonomy is
Unique Characteristics of Transform Faults There are many characteristics that make earthquakes along transform fault different from subduction zones, rift zones, and mid-ocean ridge transform faults. For instance, transforms faults are when two plates move past each other, shearing, with no creation or destruction of lithosphere. At transform faults, earthquakes are shallow and run as deep as 25 km. the magnitude of the earthquakes are smaller than 8.5 in the scale of Richter. In extensional boundaries
absorbing the oxygen, down to the heart, streaming through the blood, throughout the body and reverses back out the mouth. D. Evolution: The evolution of the eastern gray squirrel dates back to Eocene Epoch in the North American region and the Miocene Epoch Eurasia and Africa (Britanica). a. Fossil evidence from a squirrel was determined to be 36 millions years old found in North America (Basgall). b. The phylogentic history brought a wide change to
Dominican amber mines are scientifically aged at the Miocene and Oligocene epochs (French 1998). These epochs take place later than 65 million years ago, roughly from 38 to 5 million years ago, which in turn means that dinosaurs were most likely not around when this specific amber was formed. Remains of
scientific hypotheses The reason for the emergence of Hominids, has had scientists from all over the world attempt to piece together the mystery by adding their own beliefs or adding on to others. Believed to have first appeared 5-10 Mya during the late Miocene epoch, fossil records and data continue to back up this statement as more information continues to be discovered. Studies of the human origins and understanding why hominids
One of the first people to study the xenoliths at El Joyazo was Zeck (1970); Zeck hypothesised that the xenoliths and dacitic lava of El Joyazo were derived syn-genetically from a semi-pelitic rock through anatexis. The protolith rock was thought to be separated into anatectic restites, represented by Al-rich xenoliths, and anatectic melt, represented by the dacitic lavas. The xenoliths were classified into three types: (1) almandine-biotite-sillimanite gneiss, (2) quartz-cordierite gneiss and (3)