Summary of Metronidazole Article: Bacterial vaginosis is one of the major contributors of vaginal infections during pregnancy and accounts for 40 percent of these cases. Generally, bacterial vaginosis is associated with several obstretic complications like pre-term labor and delivery, untimely rupture of membranes, postpartum endometrisis, and chorioamnionitis (Wang et. al., 2010, p.444). Metronidazole has traditionally been used as the drug of choice in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis because
Description of Clostridium Difficile Clostridium difficile, otherwise known as C. diff, is a species of spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria that is known to cause watery diarrhea. 1 The genus name, Clostridium refers to the spindle shape of the organism while Difficile means difficult in Latin due to the fact that this organism thrives in unfavorable conditions and is very difficult to isolate.4 The incidence of getting CDI has increased over the years due to new strains of increased
There are several medicines that can help rid of this disease. The most helpful and effective medications used are Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Nitazoxanide or Furazolidone. Alcohol should not be consumed when taking any of these medications. Pregnant women are not allowed to take these medications hence the effect it will have on the fetus. Metronidazole (flagyl) is the most commonly used antibiotic to this disease. Some side effects are nausea, metallic taste in mouth, vomiting, headache
of paper ... ...acteria and mycoplasmas. Additional support for this conclusion was obtained in a study of the grivet monkey as a model for bacteria vaginosis. Bacteria vaginosis is treated with antibiotic medications (CDC). Metronidazole is commonly used. Metronidazole treatment does not adversely affect lactobacilli so they are able to recolonize the vagina and reduce the risk of late-stage relapse (Catlin, 1992). The cephalosporins available in the late 1970s were not very active against G.
Bacterial Vaginosis is a common condition. It is the most frequent vaginal complaint in women and young girls age 14 to 44. My research shows that approximately 29% of women in the US are disturbed by, bacterial vaginosis.It is found in about 25% of pregnant women in the US and approximately 60% of women who have an STD. Bacterial vagnios produces a discharge, from an overgrowth of unusual bacteria in the vagina. In the past, the condition was called gardneralla vaginitis, after the bacteria that
or while performing personal hygiene routines. Antibiotics are the recommend treatment for bacterial vaginosis. A few antibiotic remedies are used and include, metronidazole taking oral or vaginally and imidazole an antibiotic that has shown to be successful in treating bacterial vaginosis, and may have less side effects than metronidazole. The reappearance of bacterial vaginosis is possible, even after successful treatment. More than half of those treated experience a repeat in symptoms within 12
Clostridium tetani is a Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria retain a crystal violet stain in their thick peptidoglycan. C. tetani are bacillus-shaped organisms. Typically bacillus shaped organisms are shaped like rods, however, C. tetani, although bacillus, tend to have a drumstick-like shape. This drumstick shaping is due to terminal spores formed by the bacteria. Spores are dormant forms of an organism. The spores germinate and swell within the cell, imparting the bacteria’s drumstick
The main treatment for giardiasis is an antiparasitic medicine such as tinidazole. However, there are other alternative medicines that can be used in place in tinidazole (Estrada 972). Although these may need several doses, metronidazole and nitazoxanide both serve as further treatments of giardiasis. For children, the medicine furazolidone is used because it is available in liquid form (Estrada 972). Although the body is able to ride itself if the disease, proper treatment is
Introduction Bacterial vaginosis is known to be the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age (Hay, 2010). Bacterial vaginosis is the result of the substitution of normal vaginal lactobacilli with anaerobic bacteria Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus and Bacteroides spp., which will result loss of the normal vaginal acidity (Turovskiy, Sutyak Noll, & Chikindas, 2010). Bacterial vaginosis is the main trigger of vaginal discharge or malodor in
release which offen associated with sever diarrhea resulting in patient’s mortality and other comorbidities. After first episode, there is a high chance for relapses due to reduction serum IgG antibodies to toxin A and colonic IgA secretion cells. Metronidazole and vancomycin are indicated for treatment of C.difficile and two studies in animal model suggest that use of culture-specific probiotics, such as S. boulardii can up-regulate anti-toxin a secretary IgA. According to one large study, well-designed
Acid is produced naturally in your stomach to help you digest food and to kill bacteria. This acid irritates the stomach lining so our body produces a natural mucus barrier which protects it. Sometimes this barrier may be damaged thus allowing the acid to damage the stomach causing inflammation, ulcers and other conditions. Other times, there may be a problem with the muscular band at the top of the stomach that keeps the stomach tightly closed and this allows the acid to escape and irritate the
people in the world that has this infection nearly 3.7 million they have found ways to get make these infection go away. Trich is perhaps the most common curable sexually transmitted disease worldwide.although trich is easily treated with oral metronidazole, there is concern that the number of strains resistance to this antibiotic are increasing, and currently no alternative is licensed in United States. More work will be need to be done in understanding the
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is a common disease that affects thousands of people in North America every year. It is a name for a group of similar disorders, the two main types of inflammatory bowel disease are Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis. Both disorders cause parts of the digestive tract to become inflamed. There are many forms of ulcerative colitis, I have listed some below: Ulcerative Proctitis: Inflammation located in the rectum. In mild cases it causes rectal bleeding, but
Giardia lamblia is a flagellated enteric protozoan parasite that is found in soil, food, and water (“Giardia lamblia” sec 1). This microorganism tends to live in the small intestines of humans. G. lamblia has two separate morphological stages. The first morphological stage is the trophozoite stage. In the trophozoite stage, this microorganism is shaped like a flattened pear. During this stage, the microbe is about ten to twelve micrometers long and about five to seven micrometers wide. Bilaterally
1 Organizing Veterinary Drugs For my final essay, I will be classifying different veterinary drugs we use daily into proper categories to help others learn and study each group to know which type of drug is necessary. The categories I will be explaining today are some of the more crucial drugs we use daily on animals and should be well known and categorized for optimal treatments. These include the following: 1. Analgesic opioids and anesthetics are common pain-relieving drugs and help us induce
Disease/Condition and its Effect in the Body System Gastric ulcers are open sores that develop inside the lining of the stomach. It occurs when the protective lining in the stomach stop working and breaks down. Most ulcers occur within the first layer of the stomach lining, when the ulcer goes all the way through the stomach it is called perforation and it is a medical emergency. The most common cause of gastric ulcer is an infection caused by bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus)
YUCCA SCHIDIGERA Coral Piña Yucca Schidigera commonly known as Adam’s Needle Yucca is a plant, member of the agavaceae family. Also known as Mojave yucca, Spanish bayonet, and Spanish dagger due to its “sharp dagger-like leaves” (Montgomery, 2010). North America and Central America are place of origin to Yucca Schidigera (van Wyk & Wink, 2004), currently one can find Yucca plant in California, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah. In order for the plant to grow healthy it must be on a rocky desert slope;
Trichomonas Vaginalis T. vaginalis is a pear-shaped organism that moves itself with four whip-like flagellas that protrude from its front end. A fifth flagellum attached to a flowing membrane that extends rearward. T. vaginalis is a non civilized eukaryotic organism that is in most respects similar to other eukaryotes, but its energy metabolism bears a stronger resemblance to that of anaerobic bacteria. Trichomoniasis is a very common sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by infection
Interactions of Alcohol with Drug Therapy Ethanol, ethylic alcohol or simply alcohol is an organic substance with one or more hydroxil groups (-OH) [1]. For instance, it is used as a pharmaceutical compounds, in alcoholic beverages, as a dehydrating agent in labs and industries or as an antiseptic agent. Generally, ethanol is a CNS (central nervous system) depressant with anesthetic properties causing cognitive and motor damage at relatively low doses. Nevertheless ethanol in high doses can induce
normal saline, lactated Ringer solution, etc), volume expanders (e.g. albumin and others), antibiotics (e.g. cefotaxime, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, cefepime, etc), and corticosteroids (e.g. hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, etc).Medications and surgery are often the most effective and most definitive treatments that a doctor or certified medical professional can give to a septic