prescribed medications? Metformin Hydrochloride is one of the oral hypoglycemic drugs used to treat Type II Diabetes (Allen, Brock et.al. 2009) which Mrs. Polly Pharm is diagnosed with. Because of her type II diabetes, which is known as having impaired insulin secretion and insulin receptor insensitivity (Allen, Boucher, Cain & Cooper, 2007), this drug activates Mrs. Polly’s pancreatic beta cells to release insulin although her pancreas is considered to be least functioning. Metformin decreases hepatic
Metformin is administered orally. It is manufactured in active form. It is recommended that this medication be taken with food, but this decreases the bioavailability by delaying absorption (Wilbur, 2013). This medication undergoes first pass metabolism in the liver. On an empty stomach, the bioavailability of Metformin is approximately 50% to 60% and it takes 4 to 8 hours to reach peak plasma levels with steady state plasma levels being reached within 24 to 48 hours (U.S. Food and Drug Administration
factors, such as avoiding obesity, inactivity, and poor nutrition. Metformin is the generic name of a medication used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. Various trade names of this drug include Riomet, Glucophage XR, Carbophage SR, Obimet, Siofor, Fortamet, Glucophage, and Glumetza. The chemical name is 1,1-Dimethylbiguanide monohydrochloride. Doses up to 2000 mg per day may be given twice daily. The circulation of metformin is that the drug’s steady state of concentration within the blood
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disease of the female reproductive system, involving the development of multiple cysts covering the ovaries. PCOS impedes normal hormone function, as well as disrupt production processes. According to Esther Eisenberg, “Between 1 in 10 and 1 in 20 women of childbearing age have PCOS”. Signs of the disease begin to show during adolescents, or late into young adulthood/childbearing age. Some researchers believe that polycystic ovary syndrome can occur even before
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common edocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age globally. It is characterized by menstrual irregularities, hirsutism and obesity. Different studies worldwide have shown that prevalence of PCOS ranges from 5 to 10% (1-3). Yet, there has been no large scale study to gauge the burden of the disease in South Asia. According to Government of Pakistan Census in 1998, the estimated number of women in reproductive age group (15-49 years) in
need. Medications like metformin, pioglitazone, and glimepiride can also help to control blood glucose by working with
patients must take treatment for diabetes. There are two major treatments. They are diet treatment and tablet treatment. Oral anti diabetes drugs sulphonamide (sulphonylureas) and guanidine derivaties (biguanides) are used by 30% of all diabetes.” (6) Metformin is a biguanide which is an effective oral anti hyperglycemia drug which is widely used to control type II diabetes mellitus and more recently in pregnancy. (7) INSULIN AND GLUCAGON The pancreas, in addition to its digestive process has two important
Treatment of type 2 diabetes: In the treatment of type 2 diabetes following guidelines are considered to use the oral hypoglycemic agents: • Non-obese type 2 diabetic patients, use insulin secretagogues or metformin as the initiated therapy. • Obese type 2 diabetic patients, start the treatment with metformin, thiazolidinediones or α-glucosidase
effects is exceedingly likely to become the drug of choice. Of particular interest to researchers currently are the medications glyburide and metformin. As more and more research continues, it is hypothesized that these drugs will become part of the pharmaceutical regime in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. In fact, both glyburide and metformin have been successfully prescribed to treat GDM in other countries for several years. Glyburide, especially, is predicted to gain the approval
Introduction Diabetes Mellitus is a disease of the endocrine system primarily differentiated between type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce insulin and was previously seen in the younger generation which is no longer the case.1 Type 2 diabetes is the more prevalent of the two types and involves elevated blood sugar levels due to the insufficient production of insulin. Risk factors that make an individual higher risk for type 2 diabetes include increasing
Cells oxidize food such as glucose and metabolize it, releasing CO2 and H20, and trapping energy in the form of ATP. Cellular Respiration begins in the cytoplasm with glycolysis. Glycolysis takes one glucose molecule and splits it into two Pyruvate molecules. Two ATP are required to start glycolysis along with the Pyruvate four ATP. After this process, two NADH energy molecules are made. The Pyruvate is broken down again into Acetyl-CoA while transported; where in the presence of oxygen it enters
being diagnosed with diabetes is to be started on Metformin. Metformin belongs to the biguanide class of medication. Biguanide oral medications work directly with the liver in order to improve glucose sensitivity. The number one side effect of Metformin is gastrointestinal events such as diarrhea or loose stools, stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting and overall abdominal discomfort that more than 10% patients experience. Over a period of time metformin can cause side effects that will cause more harm
Objective: To analyze the difference of blood glucose level in intervention of acupuncture combine with Metformin 500mg tablet and intervention of just Metformin 500mg tablet in Diabetes Mellitus type 2. Methods: A randomised controlled trial with six weeks follow up were done. This research was randomized pre-post test. Total of 85 people patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 come as acupuncture patients in “Rungkut” private clinic Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2013 to January 2014. After
Type II Diabetes Mellitus: An Emerging Epidemic Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by inadequate insulin secretion by the pancreas or cellular destruction leading to an insulin deficiency. Depending on the cause of the insulin shortage, diabetes can be subcategorized into type I and type II. Type I diabetes (T1DM) is usually mediated by the destruction of b-cells in the pancreas resulting in decreased insulin production and secretion. Type II diabetes (T2DM) is the
There is combination of exercise, such as walking or dancing weight lifting or yoga three times a week often help control blood sugars. This exercise helps with lowering blood sugar. Metformin diabetic medication is prescribed for people with type 2. Metformin lowers glucose production in the liver. If metformin is not enough to control blood sugar, other oral medication meds and injection medication can also
Clinical Case: Management of Pre-diabetes with Metformin A 46-year-old Hispanic man presented to the clinic for a routine physical and a review of his recent laboratory studies. His medical history was significant for high cholesterol. His daily medication regimen included a multivitamin, aspirin 81 mg, and simvastatin (Zocor) 40 mg for high cholesterol. His family history was remarkable for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in his mother, maternal grandmother, maternal aunt
be improved in order to prevent different liver diseases. Insulin resistance is the main cause of non-alcoholic liver disease. According to Alisi & Nobili (2012) metformin is mostly use in order to lower down glucose production and increase the glucose uptakes but it also increase ALT level. This is supported by Nadeau et al that metformin significantly helping to overcome liver injuries but the recent clinical trials show some side effect... ... middle of paper ... ...liver disease after approval
reflux disease. The high fat and fried has caused the patient to have high blood lipids. The unhealthy life style of patient has steered him in the direction of hypertension due to lack of physical activity. For type II Diabetes, patient takes metformin to inhibit the production of glucose in liver and to increase the sensitivity to insulin
Henrietta Lacks, who is buried in Virginia, achieved recognition and immortality without her own knowledge in the world of medicine. In 1951, Henrietta was diagnosed with cervical cancer and John Hopkins Hospital used her tissues to produce HeLa cells, the most widely used reference cells in research laboratories today1. Due to the distinctiveness of HeLa cells, they play a dynamic role in understanding medicine more in depth by allowing remarkable number of breakthroughs and aiding the society as
the individual suffering with Type 2 Diabetes was treated with medication specifically for Diabetes, this is known as Metformin. Type 2 Diabetes cannot be cured, therefore leading to the treatments only being able to control it and not cure it. One treatment that is available for Type 2 Diabetes patients is medication, this medication is a drug in tablet form called Metformin. This drug is prescribed by an individuals GP/doctor either in a hospital or a GP surgery, it will be put on prescription