One of the most well-known scientists of the 19th century was a German scientist named Franz Joseph Gall. Claimed as the founder of Phrenology, Gall was a pioneer in his fields of neuroanatomy, and physics, and also widely known for his theories and concepts of the localized functions of the brain and phrenology. His primary goal in his studies was to develop a functional anatomy and physiology of the brain as well as a revised psychology of personality. (http://grants.hhp.coe.uh.edu/clayne/HistoryofMC/HistoryMC/Gall
The Science and Myth behind Phrenology Phrenology is a phenomenon that attempts to relate one’s personality and mental capabilities with the form and structure of one’s skull. This “science” became popular in the nineteenth century as the Eugenics movement gained widespread approval. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, the reference to Phrenology is apparent in the scene where Marlow visits the doctor. “Then with a certain eagerness [the doctor] asked me whether I would let him measure
Phrenology Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is primarily a novel about a man’s trip to the African Congo and the horrors he encounters while there. However Conrad’s novel is also a story of its time and therefore makes mention of the theories held when it was written. Included in these ideas is that of phrenology and its relatives, mentioned clearly when the doctor examining Marlow asks, “[may I] measure your head?” and the doctor then produces “a thing like calipers and [gets] the dimensions
Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann’s Excavation at Troy Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann’s ability to challenge academic establishment make him an appealing yet dubious character. The German’s late nineteenth century excavations of Truva are often considered to have shed new light on ancient history or ‘undoubtedly destroyed a great deal of archaeological data that will forever be lost[1]. Despite the praise and glorification that surrounds the romantic stems of Schliemann’s work;
JOHANN GUTENBURG AND THE PRINTING PRESS Long ago there was a man named Johann Gutenberg. He was a very intelligent man. He created one of the greatest inventions in history. He created the printing press. You may ask yourself, what is the printing press? I will soon explain. Johann Gutenberg was born in 1399 named Genefliesch zur Laden. He changed his name to Gutenburg after the name of his wealthy father’s house. Gutenberg died in 1468 in Mainz, Germany where he was born. In the footsteps of his
21, 1685, the youngest child of Johann Ambrosius Bach and Elisabeth Lammerhirt. Ambrosius was a string player, employed by the town council and the ducal court of Eisenach. Johann Sebastian started school in 1692 or 1693 and did well in spite of frequent absences. Of his musical education at this time, nothing definite is known; however, he may have picked up the rudiments of string playing from his father, and no doubt he attended the Georgen Church, where Johann Christoph Bach was organist until
Between the 1600s and the 1700s, many would think more of Kings or Queens who ruled their vast kingdoms for years upon years rather than a great composer such as Johann Sebastian Bach, a man who greatly contributed to Germany and many other specific regions of Europe during his life. Born in 1685 Eisenach on March 21, Bach was a member of one of the most excellent musical families of all time as, for over 200 years, the Bach family had birthed some of the most superb composers and performers, many
Dmitri Shostakovich and Johann Sebastian Bach Dmitri Shostakovich (1906-1975) was one of the greatest composers of Soviet Russia. Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) is regarded today as the father of Western music. They came from opposite ends of music history and lived in entirely different environments, but Shostakovich was undoubtedly influenced by Bach’s music, and their respective musical styles came from the same core tradition of Western music. But most importantly, underneath the obvious
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH Johann Sebastian Bach was born in 1685 in the town of Thuringia, Germany where he was raised and spent most of his life. Due to a shortage of expenses, he was confined to a very limited geographical space, as was his career. This greatly affected his, in that his music was not as widley known as other composers of the time. On traveling he never went farther north than Hamburg or farther south than Carlsbad. To look back on the life of Bach many have referred to him
Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach was a German organist, composer, and musical scholar of the Baroque period, and is almost universally regarded as one of the greatest composers of all time. His works, noted for their intellectual depth, technical command, and artistic beauty, have provided inspiration to nearly every musician after him, from Mozart to Schoenberg. J. S. Bach was born in Eisenach, Germany, March 21, 1685. Bach’s uncles were all professional musicians ranging from
The Musical Influence of Johann Sebastian Bach Among the influential composers of baroque music, there have been few who have contributed so much in talent, creativity, and style as Johann Sebastian Bach. Bach was a German organist and composer of the baroque era. Bach was born on March 21, 1685 in Eisenach, Thuringia and died July 28,1750. Bach revealed his feelings and his insights in his pieces. Bach’s mastery of all the major forms of baroque music (except opera) resulted not only from his
Jacob I(James, Jacques) (1654-1705), Nicolaus (1662-1716), and Johann I(John, Jean) (1667-1748), second generation are brothers Daniel I (1700-1782), Johann II(1710-1790), and their cousin Nicolaus II (1687-1759), and the third generation are brothers Johann III(1746-1807) and Jacob II(1759-1789). It would be exhausting to discuss the accomplishments of all the Bernoulli mathematicians, so our focus will be on the brothers Jacob I and Johann I, who contributed a substantial amount to the fields of mathematics
Johann Stamitz: Classical Era composer Born as Jan Václav Antonin Stamic and later Germanized as Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz, he was an influential composer and violinist. He was born on June 19, 1717 in Deutschbrod, Bohemia, now called Havlíčkův Brod, Czech Republic. Stamitz received a musical education from his father from a young age, and attended the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Prague for the academic year of 1734 – 1735, and shortly thereafter left the university to become a
On May 8th, 1745 Maria Antonia Luneborn and Jan Václav Antonín Stamic (Germanized as Johann Wenzel Anton Stamitz) welcomed their son, Karl Phillip Stamitz into the world. Although born in Mannheim, a city in Southwestern Germany, Stamitz’s family came from what is now known as Maribor, Slovenia with Czech ancestry roots. He was the oldest of Maria and Johann’s five children; his brother Anton Thadäus Nepomuk, his sister Maria Franziska, and two other siblings who didn’t survive infancy. As the son
The two pieces chosen for this paper are particularly famous and are recognizable audibly, if not by name, by the majority of western populations. Pachelbel’s Canon in D was virtually forgotten from the 1700’s until it was rediscovered in 1919 by Gustav Beckmann. It gradually gained publicity, and burst into the popular culture after being used as the score for a movie, it is now by far the most famous canon and of the most well known pieces of baroque music. The canon is a musical form popular
Just last year, when i was in 9th grade, I had times where it was hard to be strong due to mental issues. It was really hard to be independent when I just wanted someone to be there. Although many times I was not the strongest and did some really dumb things like getting bad grades and getting into trouble. I finally got over it, most of the time it was on my own too. I realized that if i wanted my life to change then I had to do something about it, and not let others bring me down or tell me what
Jacob Bernoulli was born on the 27th of December, 1654, to Niklaus and Margarethe Bernoulli, in Basel, Switzerland. He initially abided by his father’s wishes and studied theology, eventually joining the ministry, but also chose to study both mathematics and astronomy on the side. From the ages of 22 to 28, he traveled throughout Europe, learning about the most recent advances in mathematics and the natural sciences, including recent discoveries by Boyle and Hooke. It was through extended communication
The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann Wyss The Swiss Family Robinson by Johann Wyss is a story about a family who are shipwrecked on an uninhabited island. The ship was being tossed by angry waves. The whole crew and captain had deserted their ship only to perish to the sea. The only ones remaining on board was the Robinson family. When the storm was over, they discussed about how to get to shore. After much thinking, they built a sort of raft big enough for the family of six, taking with them
by guitarist Anthony Kunovic. What I liked about this piece played by the performer was his smooth appeal as he played. The music really crafted into the title and made me think of a warm summer’s midnight. The second piece of music was composed by Johann Sebastian Bach titled Toccata and Fugue in D minor. This piece of music was played as a quartet and with great skill from the performers, they gave great talent to the fugue composition. Both The Thumb composed by Wes Montgomery and Giant Steps by
How does music reflect society? The baroque period was a time of radical change that brought about some of the greatest composers and artists we know of today. However when one looks at art, they might think about how the people were back then, and if looking/listening to the art of that time that one might be able to picture everything. How does music reflect society? This has to do with Human ingenuity which shall be looked through and explained in this essay. According to the IB website, ”Human