In order to secure ourselves from falling for all the nonsense... ... middle of paper ... ...he diseases they are aimed to protect from. Within the United States, vaccines have reduced the incidence of measles by 98 percent and invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infection in children by more than 99 percent. Because of immunization, the incidence of diphtheria dropped from 206,000 cases and 15,520 deaths in 1921 to an average of just two to three reported cases each year since 1980. Despite
Meningitis Throughout history there have been very dangerous diseases that have been able to single handedly wipe out entire civilizations because there was nothing that we could do about it. Most of the time was because we did not quite understand what was actually happening. But thanks to all of the scientific advancements humans are able to live many more times than previous years. But that doesn’t meant that every human is healthy enough. This means that although we are less prone to die from
Sinus is one of the most severe and dangerous diseases, which can cause the problems in breathing with pain in face. In fact, this sinus problem is a kind of cavity within the bone or the other tissue in the body. In most of the cases, the cold problems make the sinusitis diseases. However, the sinusitis is not the occasional diseases and it can occur any time of the year, but you make see it more frequently around the cold and flu seasons. Infection of the sinus is quite difficult to bear and
are spread through the exchange of respiratory and throat secretion (saliva and/or spit) during close or lengthy contact, especially if living in the same household. Those who are in close contact with those infected with meningococcal or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis are at increased risk of getting infected and may need preventative antibiotics. On the contrary, if one is in contact with someone infected by meningitis caused by other bacteria, such as, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Anatomy and Physiology Epiglottitis is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis inflames and swells, causing the airway to become blocked (Mayo Clinic, 2018). The epiglottis is leaf-shape flap of cartilage located in the throat behind the tongue and in front of the larynx. It is made of yellow elastic cartilage tissue, lined with a mucous membrane. The epiglottis is usually resting in the upright position which allows an opening in the trachea for air to pass through
Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. The disease can be caused by a viral, bacterial, fungal or parasitic infection. Viral meningitis is the most common cause of this disease, yet it’s rarely fatal and can improve without the need of treatment. In the United States, bacterial meningitis continues to be a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment of meningitis can be the line between life and
The discovery and characterization of restriction enzymes first took place in the late 1960’s and early 1970’s. The scientists responsible for the discovery were molecular biologists Werner Arber, Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans. In the late 60’s Arber observed a sharp change in the bacteriophage DNA he had been working with after it invaded resistant strains of bacteria. It had been cut into pieces and degraded. He hypothesized that bacteria could express two different enzymes: one that recognizes
The Public Health Burden of Meningococcal Meningitis Introduction Meningococcal Meningitis is one of the different forms of Meningitis disease. It is caused by a bacterium Neisseria meningitidis which affects the thin lining of the brain called the meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid. It has been implicated in meningitis outbreaks as far back as the 1600s and is the major causative strain of epidemics in Africa. Bacterial meningitis is a major public health burden especially in the semi -arid region
children. In Australia in the last ten years more then 137 known people have died and many more fallen very ill from contagious and infectious disease. Diseases such as diphtheria; tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps rubella and Haemophilus influenzae, This is a great tragedy considering all these diseases are easily preventable by immunisation. Immunisation or vaccination is a very effective and safe form of medicine used to prevent severe diseases occurring from viruses and other infectious
around the world, accounting for about 30 percent of all childhood death. A particular pathogen is not identified in most cases, but both viruses, mainly respiratory syncytial and influenza virus, and bacteria, especially S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, are significant pathogens(40). Numerous bacteria and viruses and their mixtures can cause this infection, but there is an absence of speedy and commercially accessible diagnostic
Some severe asthmatics who require high doses of ICS and prednisone appear to be susceptible to recurrent infections. Bacterial infections can lead to chronic lower airway inflammation and worsening of asthma. This is widely believed to be a result of steroid usage which suppresses the inflammatory response. However, a recent study by Zuccaro et al., has reported a relationship between HDAC activity and the expression of scavenger receptors on macrophages, which may suggest an underlying predisposition
Pneumonia Journal Article Kellie Hale Mohave Community College NUR 122 Mrs. Port 9/8/2016 “In 2012, 1.1 million people were hospitalized in the US for treatment of pneumonia. The average hospital stay for these patients was 5.2 days. There were close to 50,000 deaths due to pneumonia and 95% of them were over the age of 65 (“Pneumonia”, 2016). Pneumonia is an serious condition and the pathogens that lead to pneumonia continue to spread throughout the hospitals and communities. Antibiotic
Children commonly get vaccinations from birth and all throughout their childhood. This high number of immunizations, which would be about forty or more by age 18, is quite a lot and can be seemingly excessive. Babies can receive up to four to five vaccinations at a time during their well-baby visits at the doctor’s office. Vaccinations are meant to protect against childhood diseases, some of which are highly contagious and can be fatal, but do we really need all forty of them? With the better healthcare
Introduction Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is a Gram-negative bacterium which normally resides as a harmless commensal in the human nasopharyngeal mucosa [1] . The encapsulated bacterium is capable of causing serious blood and brain infections, and it is a major cause of epidemic sepsis and meningitis [2]. The bacterium is now classified into 13 serogroups, which are based on the chemical composition of the polysaccharide capsule. Only six serogroups (A, B, C, W, X and Y) are responsible
Whether you’re at basketball game or in the mall, you can see that people vary in size, skin color, and appearances. But did you know that no matter how different we all are as humans; we are just a single race. The variations that we see in everyday life are just physical differences but genetically humans are the same and “race” is term that has been used to distinguish human because of those physical differences. You may be wondering how one person from Canada and one person from Africa the same
possible to significantly reduce the incidents of many diseases. Diseases that can be prevented through use of vaccinations are are referred to as vaccine preventable diseases. Some of the commonly vaccinated infections include polio, measles, Haemophilus Influenzae type b, pertussis, pneumococcal, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, and mumps (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2013). “The Real Issues in Vaccine Safety”, written by Roberta Kwok, provides a discussion
Vaccine Debate Edward Jenner invented a method to protect against smallpox in the late 1700s. The method involved taking substances from an open wound of someone with small-pox or cow-pox and injecting it into another person’s skin, also called “arm-to-arm inoculation”. The earliest actual documented examples of vaccination date all the way back to the tenth century in China (Lombard, “A brief history of vaccines and vaccinations”). The mention of early vaccination was taken note of by a French scholar
In 1987 Jarred Diamond wrote the article "The worst mistake in the human history". He said that there were two types of historians Progressivists, those who thought history was the path of progress and revisionists, those who thought that history needed changed. Jarred Diamond was a revisionist, he believed that the worst mistake in human history was when people changed from nomadic hunter gatherers to agriculture cities. He believed this because he thought that the nomads had a better diet than
Introduction Vaccines are very effective in defending children from infectious disease. Although there has been tremendous success in achieving population based childhood immunization programs, more and more parents have chosen to delay the registration or even refuse to vaccinate their children at all (Diekema, 2012, p. 391). People are starting to challenge the necessity, safety and tolerability of vaccinations because the public attention has been diverted from the decreasing incidence of disease
Poverty is a leading contributor of unhealthy infant births and directly leads to unnecessary death caused by lack of quality healthcare and malnutrition. Poverty also contributes to lower life expectancy because some families are not able to provide their families with the necessary health care they need and provide them with enough nourishment to live a healthy life. Studies also show that “in 2013, 45.3 million people (14.5 percent) were living in a poverty stricken area” (Feedingamerica.org)