Telephone: The Technology of the Voice 1. Introduction: Telephone invention is the most marvellous innovation considered in the world. We often consider our society to be saturated by technologies of many sorts. Telephone is classed among the information and communication technologies It is now considered one of the major source of communication. It form and functions precisely defined the challenges of interaction between two separate parties: long distance is conquered instantly and any telephone
the joining fee. Strength: In 1993, the geographic coverage became more complete, smaller equipment became available, and consumers started to utilize the service up to its full potential. Strength: GSM technology was a major departure from the previous system and the WESTEL had selected Ericsson to build its GSM system. Strength: WESTEL had a strong emphasis on quality and received the ISO 9001 certificate. Later it was dominated and selected for the Hungarian National
per second and even more, which can make data transfer seamless and downloads relatively fast. Unlike GSM, UMTS is mainly based on CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) scheme and now combines it with TDMA. The four biggest differences are: 1. UMTS has faster data transfer rates than GSM. 2. GSM is 2G and 2.5G while UMTS is already 3G. 3. GSM is a rather old technology while UMTS is newer. 4. GSM is typically based on TDMA while UMTS is mainly CDMA-based.
Privately-held by Sunil Bharti Mittal Date of Establishment: 7th July 1995 Market Share: 21.35% Bharti Tele-Ventures Ltd. (BTVL), the country’s leading telecom conglomerate is one of India’s leading private sector provider of Tele-communications services. The other companies under this group are:- • Bharti Infratel • Bharti Retail • Bharti TeleTech • Field Fresh Foods( joint venture between Bharti Enterprises and DMPL India Ltd.-a subsidiary of Del Monte Pacific Ltd.).. • Bharti AXA General Insurance
It is important to mention the welcome that received the mobile communication in these days: this communication technology has been adopted by billions of people in the entire world and these people literally send trillions of text messages per day. Though, the mobile phone has become essential in the society that knows it is the way of interaction. Mobile communication has become the glue of the interaction of the society, but it has changed the natural social interactions to a negative effects
“Mobile phones making the world smaller than a village,” states Ericsson Telecommunication Company (as cited in Vutagwa, 2013). Throughout past centuries, people had limited ways of communication. They used letters and birds to communicate which can take months or years to be delivered, depends on the distances. This is how people communicated, until Alexander Graham Bell introduced the telephone to the world in 1876. The first telephone was big and heavy and was mainly used by the government. Nowadays
has been developed by some of the wireless telecommunications giants such as Nokia and Ericsson. The Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) uses the Internet as a gateway for the transmission of the protocol. WAP has brought the Internet and the sub-services that it provides right into our lives as we are on the move. WAP brings us information right to the screen of our mobile phone. WAP offers the possibility to call specific WAP pages directly from the Internet; these WAP pages can be seen in a display
Overview The GSM system utilises new technologies efficiently. A collection of innovative technological features demonstrates the engineering force behind the system. The use of certain technological features is motivated by the benefit that is offered. The variety of the level of technologies is wide; from small details hidden deep in the system to revolutionary new concepts at the top level of the system, visible to all users. The world is becoming digitalised. Analogue systems in many fields
Main information. The Syrian cellular arm of Lebanon-based telecoms group Investcom Holding (itself then owned by the Mikati Group, but since taken over by MTN Group), Areeba Syria (formerly Spacetel Syria) launched services in March 2001 via its '94' network. Initially the infrastructure was rolled out to major provinces, but rural areas quickly followed and population coverage and geographic coverage were 98% and 78% in the end of 2007 respectively. In August 2007 the cellco had 14 MSC, 32 BSC
carriers and was first developed for 900 MHz (GSM 900) band but then extended to 1800 MHz band (GSM 1800). GSM was originally designed as a voice oriented network but later on some new features have been aggregated to support data transmission. General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) and Enhanced Data-rates for Global Evolution (EDGE) showed up accordingly to fulfill market demands in terms of voice reliability and high transmission data rates. As of today GSM is still dominant in current mobile communication
passive components of GSM base station such as transceiver (TRx), power amplifiers (PA), combiners, duplexers, antennas, alarm extension system, control function, base-band receiver (BBxx), signal DSP, main distribution board, rectifier and Environmental Monitoring Unit (EMU) are discussed in [20]. Other components discussed are DC ventilation system, air conditional, generators, BTS cabinet, transmission rack, microwave antenna, aviation light, and optical fibre/coaxial cable. GSM Transmitter Measurement
NOKIA- The Creation of New Markets By the end of 2003, Nokia was the clear market leader in the mobile phone industry in terms of sales and profitability. It was ahead of giant companies like Motorola, Ericsson, Siemens, Samsung, and other worthy competitors. Since the early 1990s, Nokia's Strategic Intent was to build distinctive competency in product innovation, rapid response, and global brand management. Its strategic intent required rapid growth in the core businesses of mobile phones and
A single frequency radio wave does not transmit any information. In order for information to be transferred, the frequency needs to vary in time. The range of frequencies that a single channel can occupy is what is known as its bandwidth. In order to allow for multiple calls to be handled by a single base station, multiplexing techniques are used which are ways of combining multiple signals. The four main techniques include: frequency division multiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access
an application in wireless voice telephone, mobile internet access, fixed wireless internet access, video calls and mobile TV. 3G show all collection of technology to facilitate a higher speed for data transfer faster than earlier version. CDMA and GSM were primary category of phone technology. 3G network are form by these two different technology that had been elaborated. 3G smartphone can conduct high speed data transfer rate by accessing 3G cell phone technology and its mean browsing, streaming
phones getting more popular in worldwide (Mitra, 2009). According to the (GSMA, 2014) report mentioned that, at the end of the 2003 there were more than 1billion individual subscribers, that means under one in six people had subscribed to a mobile service . By the end of the 2013 the number of mobile phone subscribers has doubled, there were 6.8 billion mobile cellular subscriptions in 2013 it is nearly world population 7.1 billion. Furthermore (GSMA, 2014) report mentioned that in 2020 there will
cellular technologies to choose from along with companies that provide that provide services to these technologies. What makes matters worse are the many choices that we are faced with, in just choosing what mobile phone too pick. The questions are, what are these technologies, which cellular provider do I pick and how do I decide on a phone? More importantly, is there some magic combination that will give me the best service wherever I am? Nowadays we use our phones for much more than making a mere phone
G in 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G stands for the “Generation” of the mobile network. Today, mobile operators have started offering 4G services a higher number before the ‘G’ means more power to send out and receive more information and therefore the ability to achieve a higher efficiency through the wireless network. During the time of 1G, radio signals were transmitted in ‘Analogue’ form. 2G networks on the other hand, were based on narrow band digital networks. The 3rd generation of mobile networks has become
Analysis of the Environment of the Mobile Network System Executive Summary 3 Glossary of Abbreviations 4 Introduction 5 Recent History
Mobile phones act as a ‘Window to the World’ for rural India. They provide the rural communities a means to connect to the outside world and to each other. But it took a very long time for mobile phones to enter the rural market. Let’s look at the story from the start. When land phones first came into rural India, there used to be a single phone for a whole village which acted as the sole point for communication. People used to go there and wait for calls from their loved ones at prior appointed
Cell phones are used all around the world on a daily basis. From America to China, millions of users rely on cell phones in their daily lives. While cell phones have multiple uses to help individuals with their daily needs, this particular device also comes with many risks. While the benefits of owning a cell phone are great, cell phones can cause tremendous damage not only to your body, social life, but affect your education as well. If individuals begin to spend time away from their cell phones