squirting out something green. This was our fern spore which was germinating. Next, we removed a few of the germinating spores from the petri dish and put them under a compound microscope scope. We found the spore wall and observed how the developing gametophyte had broken through the wall, as instructed by our lab manuals. One could also identify the chloroplasts with in the cell. We then put up our dishes for another week. The third week of our fern lab we identified the difference between male and female
there is rainfall, the sperm splashes out and onto the archegonium. The function of the foot is to transport nutrients from the gametophyte to the sporophyte. Spores are haploid. The functional significance of the response of elaters to moisture is that they help disperse spores by twisting. The symmetry of a moss gametophyte compared with that of a liverwort gametophyte is that mosses are radially symmetrical, and liverworts are bilaterally symmetrical. The egg in the archegonium is located at the
usually grow much taller than mosses. While the dominant generation in mosses is the gametophyte, ferns exhibit the sporophyte generation. The details of their alternations of generation vary as well, although both have diploid and haploid stages. Alteration of generations is defined as a life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte. Meiosis in mosses produces haploid spores. This process occurs in a sporangium, a
The gametophytes used in this experiment are of C-ferns. They tend to mature and produce spores at temperature of 28oC and conditions of high humidity. The spores that germinate first are hermaphrodites. Hermaphrodites tend to produce a pheromone called antheridiogen. It is this pheromone that causes later germinating spores to become male. In wild type culture of C-ferns, it is expected that there will be a high concentration of antheridiogen since the hermaphrodites are producing antheridiogen
Angiosperms produce male and female gametophytes that allow for reproduction. This leads to increased diversity of the offspring due to different combinations of genetic material from the male and female gametophytes, and thus a higher chance of survival due to beneficial adaptations that may be included in the offspring’s genetic material (Angiosperms 1). The evolution of colorful
sporophyte (adult) > spore > gametophyte > gamete > fertilization > sporophyte. For bryophytes, the gametophyte and the sporophyte phases are vastly different in structure; in moss the gametophyte looks like green fuzz, but its sporophyte is a hooded stalk. Seedless vascular plants are similar in that these phases are also very conspicuous, but to a lesser extent. Ferns, for example, have typical plant-like sporophytes (the leafy fronds everyone is familiar with), and its gametophyte stage is a tiny, heartshaped
1 / 3 BIO3001 Shinhye Jeon (Heather) Professor Wahlert November 21, 2017 Identifying of Spores Belonging to the Division Pterophyta by Utilizing Phylogenetical method 1. Abstract This lab was designed to determine the identity of “mystery spores” by growing them on an agar lined petri dish and observing them growing over the course. While their growth, we learned about various divisions within kingdom Plantae and their characteristics. Using this information about different divisions
As plants evolved, moving from the sea to land, there were many adaptations that needed to occur to sustain the new mode of life. Adaptations addressed the major problems of how to prevent water loss, how to transport water, and how to reproduce in a newly dry environment (Lecture 4). Different organisms addressed these issues in a variety of ways, giving rise to anatomical differences in tissues and biochemical changes, which contributed to the rise in genetic variation of plant species. First
nine other divisions. Vascular plants have two kinds of well-defined conducting strands: xylem, which is specialized to conduct water and dissolved minerals, and phloem, which is specialized to conduct The food molecules The plants manufacture. Gametophytes and Sporophytes &nb... ... middle of paper ... ... definite organs nor do they have definite target areas. They stimulate or inhibit growth in response to environmental clues such as light, day length, temperature, touch, and gravity and thus
Introduction Fossil records indicate life has existed on this planet for at least 3.8 billion years. Most species that have ever existed are now extinct, yet the diversity of life on Earth is still so tremendous and complex scientists estimate there are 10-100 million species yet to be documented. Those that have been documented, have been categorized it into three domains, six kingdoms, twenty-nine phyla, and countless more subdivisions. Seemingly in spite of this diversity, a common ancestry unites
Evolution Most botanists believe that the Pteridophytes also known as ferns are descendants of the Rhyniopsida, an extinct group of free-sporing plants which originated in the Silurian period (about 430 million years ago) and went extinct in the mid-Devonian period (about 370 million years ago). Physiology Ferns has no flowers, no seeds, and no fruits. A fern is defined as a cryptogam which means a plant that has no true flowers or seeds. With sporangia, a receptacle in which asexual spores are
Ginkgo biloba The oldest known living fossil, more than 5,000 years old is native to China. Ginkgo, maidenhair tree, has an average life span of 1,000 years. The oldest trees are serving in the temples of the Chinese's and Japanese Buddhist monks. These trees are considered to be very sacred to their way of life. One of the traditions is the leaves and fruits have been used as a herbal medicine for over a thousand years. The female tree's fruit is a delicacy in food preparation also. Another reason
Plant Sciences. Vol 156: 332-345 Lloyd RM. 1974. Systematics of the genus Ceratopteris Brongn. (Parkerianceae) II. Taxonomy. Brittonia 26: 139-160 Melan MA, Whittier DP. 1990. Effects of inorganic nitrogen sources on spore germination and gametophyte growth in Botrychium dissectum. Plant, Cell & Environment 13: 477-482. Nachurs. (n.d.). Nitrogen: An essential element in crop production. Retrieved from http://www.nachurs.com/nitrogen.html
too. Spores all the time haploid and unicellular and are generated by meiosis in the sporangium of a diploid sporophyte. Under convenient conditions the spore can use mitotic division to promote into a new organism, which produce a multicellular gametophyte, which eventually goes on to produce gametes. Zygote been formed from Two gametes, which develops into a new sporophyte. This cycle is known as alternation of generations. Type of bacterial spores Endospores Endospores, are powerful against
The royal-jelly produced by honeybees for queen raring, for which pollen is most important, which is rich in most essential nutrients. Pollen is the male reproductive cell of the flowering plants. It is fine to coarse powder containing the micro-gametophytes of seed plants, which produces the male gametes (sperm cells). It contains high concentration of reducing sugars, essential amino acids, unsaturated/saturated fatty acids, minerals Zn, Cu, Fe and high K/Na ratio and significant quantities of the
Cellular Reproduction Cellular Reproduction is the process by which all living things produce new organisms similar or identical to themselves. This is essential in that if a species were not able to reproduce, that species would quickly become extinct. Always, reproduction consists of a basic pattern: the conversion by a parent organism of raw materials into offspring or cells that will later develop into offspring. (Encarta, 2) In almost all animal organisms, reproduction occurs during
The Jurassic period was the second segment of the Mesozoic Era. It occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 millions years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period. During the Jurassic Period, the supercontinent Pangaea split apart. Laurentia, the northern half, made up what would eventually form North America and Eurasia. The creation of these opened basins for the central Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The southern half, Gondwana, drifted into an eastern segment that now forms
INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bee-Pollen Pollen is the male gametophyte of the flowering plants and has together with the ovule, the capacity to give rise to viable seeds. Pollen exists for a time as an independent unit and thus contains most nutrients, essential for life. Man has long been the consumer of pollen and pollen containing food though rarely he experienced discomfort on contact with pollen. In many living organisms like insects, pollen is essential for their life cycle, being rich particularly in
Chapter-1 Introduction The worldwide demand for high potency sweeteners is expected to rise especially with the new practice of blending various sweeteners; the demand for alternatives is expected to increase. The sweet herb of Paraguay; Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces; in its leave;, such an alternative with the added advantage that stevia sweeteners are natural products. The sweet steviol glycosides have sensory & functional & properties superior to those of other high potency