In this work, an orthogonal array experimental design was used to optimize the synthesis of a photocatalyst. This chapter provides the reader a crucial foundation for understanding the terminology and practical use of design of experiments (DOE). The practical use of this, as will be discussed later in this work, is that wise use of DOE can drastically reduce the time and effort to optimize procedures, catalyst synthesis or otherwise. In this section, we explore some of the general procedures of
Permutations of Letters Experiment 1. Investigate the number of different permutations of the letters of the name Emma. I am trying to find the maximum number of possible permutations of the name EMMA. This name has four letters but only three variable letters E, M and A. Permutations: EMMA MMAE AEMM EMAM MMEA AMEM EAMM MAME AMME MAEM MEMA MEAM This shows us that there are twelve possible permutations of the letters of the name EMMA. Emma has a friend called Lucy
Permutation of Letters EMMA is investigating the amount of different arrangements of letters in her name; she does the same with her friend LUCY. LUCY has twice as many arrangements as EMMA, they are curious as to why this is and decide to investigate other names and find reasons for their answers. EMMA - emma, eamm, emam, aemm, amme, amem, meam, maem, mame, mema, mmea, mmea, LUCY - lucy, luyc, lycu, lyuc, lcyu, lcuy, ulcy, ulyc, uylc,
Permutations of a Four Letter Word In this piece of coursework my initial aim is to investigate how many different combinations there are for four letters (e.g. ABCD), I also intend to develop this to investigate the way in which by altering the letters to form other kinds of combinations (e.g. ABCC or AAB) the number is affected. Once I have found the general formulae, I will apply these to harder situations and this is what I am aiming to do. I am trying to find the general formulae which
Emma's Dilemma In my investigation I am going to investigate the number of different arrangements of letters for names and words and try to find a formula that can be used to predict this. For example: TOM is one arrangement and OTM is another arrangement First, I am going to investigate the number of different arrangements of letters for the name LUCY (a 4-letter name, where all the letters are different). LUCY ULCY CLUY YLUC LUYC ULYC CLYU YLCU LCUY UCLY CULY YULC LCYU
Part I 1. How many independent variables are in a 4X6 factorial design? How many conditions are in this design? There are 4 and 6 independent variables, and 24 conditions for this design. 2. What is the difference between a cell mean and the means used to interpret a main effect? The main effect is used to interpret the differences in means over levels of one factor collapsed over levels of the other factor (Jackson, 2012). However, the cell mean is used to interpret is used with models that include
I understand you are taking a college course in mathematics and studying permutations and combinations. Permutations and Combinations date back through the ages. According to Thomas & Pirnot (2014), there is evidence of these mathematical concepts as early as AD 200. As we solve some problems you will see why understanding these concepts is important especially when dealing with large values. I also understand you are having problems understanding their subtle differences, corresponding formulas
1. Introduction Design variables are important to be conducted the appropriate experiment analyzing and getting the accurate values for integer, discrete, zero-one (binary), and continuous variables. The researchers should classify design factors before the experiment is conducted. In literature, there are several factors such as quantitative, qualitative, discrete, continuous, zero-one (binary), non-zero-one (non-binary), controlled and uncontrolled variables (Sanchez & Wan, 2009). Quantitative
being that when given the original source of the aphorism the misreporting would be less. The sample consisted of 120 Lafayette undergraduate students. Twenty of the student participated in the pilot experiment which was used to check the aphorism sets; the remaining 100 participated in the actual experiment to test the hypotheses. The aphorisms used in the study were chosen from a published collection and based on three main criteria: 1 it was statement, not a judgement, about human
performance. ( Haslam, S.A., McGarty, C., Brown, P.M., Eggins, R.A., Morrison, B.E., & Reynolds, K.J. (1998). Three experiments were done in this study using the same survival task used in this present study. The first two experiments measured task performance and group maintenance by manipulating the process of leadership selection (random, informal and formal). The third experiment confirmed that society holds the view that formal selection is better than random selection of leaders, hence explaining
Interocular Transfer of the Motion After-Effect A prominent phenomenon in the field of visual science is the motion after-effect (MAE) which is believed to provide a way of bringing together current knowledge of neurophysiology with a measurable visual phenomenon. The MAE is described as a visual illusion produced by viewing any number of motion types (i.e. lateral or vertical linear, spiral, radial or rotation). By viewing a moving physical object for a period of time until the eyes is adapted
Witnessing a distressing incident such as an act of violence tends to stimulate arousal and can be stressful. Research done in the area of memory and emotion has presented extensive evidence that stress has an effect on long-term memory process. Prior to encoding if stress is induced memory is preserved or enhanced for negative emotional, relative to neutral, information. This topic is extremely important because the heavy impact an eyewitness testimony has in court. In cases were an eyewitness provides
investigations educators suggest that television has replaced other forms of socialization such as school and family, reason being that children spend more time in watching television as compared to time spent in school. Psychological and government experiments together with congress investigations have been implemented with the aim of establishing the effects of television on children behavior. Main interest of the methods is to analyze whether social violence results from the violence portrayed in television
Research Design Essay: Evaluation of the Design of an Experiment The ability to describe and critically assess a design of any research trial can be beneficial in many various aspects. Firstly, it can assist in maintaining current knowledge through reading other empirical researches, developing critical and analytical thinking skills and to practice the research process in order to carry out further studies (Christensen et al., 2014). In the current trial, similar techniques will be employed to critically
planning that occurs behind educational research is an intricate process thus in addition to establishing a research problem and purpose and reviewing literature, inquirers must determine the best experimental design that fits their needs. Even though experiments may share characteristics, “their use and application vary depending on the type of design used” (Creswell, 2008, p. 310). Therefore understanding the types of experimental designs commonly used to inquiry about educational thematic is useful to
better than placebo. The results of double-blind studies usually depict the latter. Rarely are drugs found to be significantly more effective than placebo because of the placebo effect. The phenomenal effectiveness of the placebo in controlled experiments is mind boggling. Experimenters can not fully understand the etiology of the placebo effect in relation to the nervous system but they have proposed plausible suggestions to the underlying mechanisms involved. An intriguing question raised is the
The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse Five or the Children's Crusade: A Duty Dance With Death In 1945 Kurt Vonnegut witnessed a horrific series of bombings that led to the destruction of the German city of Dresden, where he was taken as a prisoner of war. The controversial fire-storm raid, carried out by bombers of the Royal Air Force and US Air Force, took casualties of up to a quarter million people (Klinkowitz x-xi). As a prisoner of war, Vonnegut was forced to participate
Temperature and Squash Balls Experiment Introduction I am going to do an experiment on how high a squash ball bounces at different temperatures from the same height. Theory When a squash ball hits the wall the air molecules inside the ball heat up and make the ball warm. When they move faster they hit the rubber wall harder therefore makes the ball hotter. The reason why the ball moves faster is that when the ball hits the wall it causes friction and the molecules move faster
Using Chunking to Increase Capacity of STM The aim of the investigation was to repeat the experiment carried out by Bower and Springston in 1970. A laboratory experiment was carried out to demonstrate how chunking could be used to increase the capacity of STM. Participants were presented with a letter sequence. The independent variable was the chunking and the dependent variable was how many letters the participants recalled. A repeated measures design was used and the participants were
The Effect of Soaking Raw Potato Chips in Various Salt Solutions Aim In my Experiment I hope to discover the possible concentrations of potato cell sap using osmosis. Osmosis is the passage of water molecules from a weak solution into a stronger solution through a partially permeable membrane. We hope to achieve this by doing four experiments using distilled water in one test tube and different concentrations of salt water in the other test tubes. Once done, we will measure the change