Applications of electrophysiology Introduction Electrophysiology is the study of electrical properties of tissues and cells. It is said to be the “gold standard”, when investigating neuronal signalling (Massimo Scanziani et Michael Häusser, 2009). Measurements are taken of the voltage change or the electrical current on an extensive variety of scales from a single ion channel protein (e.g. potassium channels) to large organs (e.g. the heart). There are many areas in which electrophysiology can be applied
We hypothesized that the Nernst-derived equilibrium potential of potassium cannot sufficiently predict the membrane potential. In the experiment however our hypothesis was incorrect, we found no significant between the Nernst-derived equilibrium potential of potassium and the observed membrane voltage within crayfish tail muscle at extracellular potassium concentrations of 10mM, 20mM and 40mM. What this finding tells us is that our manipulation of altering the extracellular potassium concentration
Digonin is synthesized by the hypothalamus in the human body. Outside the body digoxin is extracted from a leaf off the digitalis lanata plant. Digoxin is a white crystal that melts at 230o with no odor; it is not insoluble in water. Digoxin is available in tablets, oral solution and IV. Digoxin comes from cardiac glycosides class of medication. Digoxin is a generic name for Lanoxin. Other brand names for digoxin are cardoxin, digitek, lanoxicaps, and lanoxin. Digoxin contains active ingredients
3. Describe the electrical conduction system of the heart. The normal electrical conduction in the heart allows the impetus that is engendered by the sinoatrial node (SA node) of the heart to be propagated to, and stimulate, the cardiac muscle (myocardium). The myocardium contracts after stimulation. It is the set up, rhythmic stimulation of the myocardium during the cardiac cycle that allows efficient contraction of the pump, thereby permitting blood to be pumped throughout the torso. 4. State
Cardiac Dysrhythmia That fleeting feeling in your chest; your heart skipping a beat, or even being breath taken; it could all be signs of being in love, or, in the medical field, it could be the signs of cardiac dysrhythmia (or arrhythmia). The human heart is like the electrical hub of the body. When any electrical hub is disturbed, a slight bump may cause the lights to flicker, or in the worst case, cause the lights to go out; permanently. The same can be said of the human heart. Irregularities
Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder with the highest mortality rate of any other mental disorder. The National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders characterizes the disorder as “a relentless pursuit of thinness and unwillingness to maintain a normal or healthy body weight”. (2014) Individuals also experience a “distortion of body image, intense fear of gaining weight and extremely disturbed eating behavior.” (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Related Disorders
This condition can be treated various ways depending on “the type and frequency of arrhythmias, associated symptoms…, and the presence of structural heart disease” (Cleveland Clinic, 2014). Some patients may not need treatment at all, since they show not symptoms, since sometimes this condition can be naturally eliminated over the first year of life, but may still be required to have regular schedule appointments with the physician so the patients can be monitored. If symptoms are prevalent, the
Atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardia Other than atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, this is the most common supraventricular tachycardia seen in practice.11 A large minority of adults (up to 40% in some cohorts) are born with 2 pathways that can conduct electricity in the AV node, rather than 1. Under the right conditions, AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) can be initiated by a premature atrial or ventricular beat. If the 2 pathways are able to sustain a stable circuit, the atrium
be defibrillated every few minutes. He was finally transferred to another facility for an LVAD but unfortunately he died before the surgery could be performed. This and similar experiences have helped influence my growing passion to pursue electrophysiology as a subspecialty.
Norah Hussein Mrs. Greene AP Composition 4/3/17 Frankenstein Essay The book “Frankenstein” was written based on significant, historical events that changed the way people thought about the usage of science to end death and to help improve resurrection. Mary Shelley went against the norms of writing styles by writing about science and technology, and not about romantic themes and main ideas. The start of Science and technology topics was a new topic for the readers which they enjoyed and
thrombus diagnosed on the pre-screening TEE procedure or who can’t tolerate procedural anticoagulation or post procedure anti-platelet regimen can’t have the procedure. Mitral clip procedure can be done as a transcatheter approach in the cath/electrophysiology lab under fluoroscopy and with TEE procedure using 3D and 4D echo imaging. TEE 3D and 4D echo is important for guiding the transeptal puncture of the delivery catheter, steering the catheter from the left atrium towards the mitral apparatus and
Mary Shelley’s famous work, Frankenstein, captures the surreal, and ever popular tale of mad scientist, Victor Frankenstein, bringing a “human” creation of his own to life. The story has been embedded into culture, and is familiar to all. This comes as no surprise since the story is rich with different topics relating to science, literature, and culture, which continue to make it a timeless piece of literature. Among the many subjects Shelley used to craft her work, one stands out as an influential
Dynamical Approach Recently approaches based on nonlinear dynamics that focuses on changes in various parameters over time have been proposed as an alternative to symbolic approaches to cognition. Nonlinear dynamics involves modeling or analyzing the system using a set of non-linear differential equations. Dynamical systems theory provides a set of techniques including stability analysis to study cognitive dynamics. Arguments have been made for the extensive use of dynamic approaches (Gibbs, 2006;
The dual process theory suggests that there are two different modes of processing (Evans, 2008). This theory and its components have been debated across many fields of psychology; including cognitive, social, as well as the neuroscience field. The dual process theory suggests that there are two types of thinking; one fast and intuitive, while the second is slow and deliberative (Evans & Stanovich, 2013). Both types of thinking have a variety of definitions that are used throughout research including
The ability to respond to the environment is an essential aspect of life. The various sensory systems are all fine-tuned to respond to a myriad of signals from the environment allowing perception. Physiologically, a sensory system will take a physical stimulus from the environment, such as heat or a sound wave, and transduce it into an electrical response that it transmitted to the central nervous system. In the central nervous system, the signal is interpreted, and a signal is sent back via efferent
The data refutes the hypothesis that decreasing the potassium concentration in a cell will increase the height of the peak of the action potential. Instead, the decreasing potassium concentration in a cell will decrease the height of the peak action potential. A cardiac cell has a unique action potential shape because of the presence of calcium channels [REF 7]. The action potential of a cardiac cell begins with a resting potential near -90mV. This is because of the much larger potassium Nernst
in mind, I chose to take advantage of RIT' s Cooperative Education Program, which meant earning my Bachelor' s degree in five years instead of four. In December of 1997,Astra Arcus USA Pharmaceuticals hired me as a research assistant in the Electrophysiology department. At Astra, I learned research techniques not taught by RIT. For the past year, I have been working with a subset of neuronal glutamate receptors via voltage clamping on Xenopus oocytes. The research of our lab is geared toward
Professional nursing means diverse things to different individuals. Some define nursing as their calling and others may state they aspired to become a nurse since they were a child. I did not intend to select nursing as a career. In many respects, I believe I became a nurse long before I ever attended nursing school. Nursing is a demanding, intense, technical occupation that requires extensive education and training. However, nursing is more than education. Nurses must possess an endless supply
residency program. “The American Board of Physical Therapy Specialties (ABPTS) offer eight designations for physical therapist seeking advancement in the field. The eight specialties include: sports, orthopedics, geriatrics, neurology, clinical electrophysiology, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and women’s
The holter monitor records the patients hearts electrical activities, the patients usually record times of the day they experience symptoms in a journal. Another test used for diagnosis is an electrophysiology study, and EPS, this test includes passing a wire through a vein in the patients arm or thigh up to the heart. The wire records the electrical signals in the heart. An echocardiogram is used as well; this is an ultrasound or the heart. Finally