The basic principles of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). For any electric circuit, which consists of various passive elements (i.e. resistors, capacitors and inductors) the behaviour of the whole circuit to an applied ac voltage, is dependent upon both the behaviour of individual elements, and also on their arrangement in the circuit with respect to each other. If a dc direct voltage is applied to the elements that comprise the equivalent circuit, the resulting current can be measured
Electricity and electrical components are a major part of our lives today. Our lives pretty much come to a halt if there is a power outage or if our electrical devices stop working, sometimes we even start panicking because we are so dependent on these components that we cannot afford to lose them and their importance and use only increases as time passes. We all use these electrical devices and also electricity itself but most of us do not think about the math and physics that works behind all of
Investigating How Length and Width of Copper Wire Affect the Current of a Circuit Task: To investigate how length and width of copper wire affect on the current of a circuit. Prediction: In this experiment, the input variable will be changing the length of the copper wire used in the experiment, and also the SWG of the wire, which means the width of the wire. By changing this variable, the current the circuit will vary. With my knowledge in science and some
Method: Safety precautions: Ensure that the circuit is away from any water. Ensure that all apparatus being used is in working condition and has its certificate of safety. Ensure that all wires are insulated as to avoid any short circuitry or electrical burns. Ensure that all batteries being used are not leaking or damaged (check shelf life of batteries). Accuracy Precautions: Ensure batteries are fully charged to ensure accuracy of readings. Ensure that the ammeter and voltmeter are calibrated
The early studies of the history of electricity have been researched over several hundreds of years. There are several forerunners and inventors that laid the foundation for us to build upon; however I will only list a few. First, Otto von Guericke created the first machine that produced static electricity in 1660. Second, in 1675 Robert Boyle discovered that attraction and repulsion could be attained through a vacuum. Third, Alessandro Volta created the first battery in 1800, which consisted
The Length of a Wire and Its Effect on Resistance Introduction: In an electrical circuit, the current (flow rate of charge) depends on the battery voltage that causes the charge to flow through the circuit and the components in the circuit. A circuit consists of a bulb, a battery and a resistor. The bulb is like a resistor, it slows down the electrons and the battery pushes the electrons and gives them energy. A component is a resistor, it slows down the flow of electrons. The bulb
Electrical Resistance Electrical resistance is a property of an electrical circuit that opposes the flow of current. Resistance involves collisions of the current-carrying charged particles with fixed particles that make up the structure of the conductor. Resistance is often considered as localized in such devices as lamps, heaters and resistors in which it predominates, although it is a characteristic of every part of a circuit, including connecting wires and electric transmission lines
INTRODUCTION Mobile communications, wireless interconnects, wireless local area networks (WLANs), and cellular phone technologies compose one of the most rapidly growing industrial markets today. The advancement in the direction of wireless communication leads to a great demand of development of compact antenna to support multiple applications that can be easily integrated within the small space that is available inside the device. In the case of, portable antenna technology has grown along with
EHV and HV transmission lines are used widely to transfer power from power generating area to large load centers. Nowadays compensating devices which uses modern power electronic devices are mostly used to improve the power transfer capability of transmission line. Use of FACTS devices in transmission line affects protection system very drastically. In this work, we have addressed the issues related with distance protection of transmission line with STATCOM connected at mid-point. To mitigate the
inductor (X˪=wL). The amplitude of voltage across the inductor in an AC circuit is the current multiplied by the inductive reactance (V˪=IX˪). Once you have found your voltage amplitudes across the circuit, you are able to find the impedance of the circuit. To find the impedance you take the square root of all squares of the resistor plus (the inductive reactance minus capacitance reactance), Z=√R²+(X˪-Xc)². To find the phase angle you take the arctan of the inductive reactance minus the capacitance reactance
When a short-circuit fault occurs on a transmission line, it should be located rapidly and correctly in order to repair the faulted section, minimize the transmission line outage time, and restore power delivery as soon as possible. Therefore, development of a robust and accurate fault location technique under various fault conditions is a highly important research area. In some low power densities areas, utilities are connected to an existing transmission line using a tapped line because of economic
Since early 2003 the Electrical Inspectorate has been working to raise public awareness of Residual Current Devices (RCDs), with the aim of eventually enforcing the use of these devices as recommended by the standard adopted by the St. Lucia Bureau of Standards for wiring of buildings SLNS/BS 7671: 2001- Requirements for Electrical Installations ¡V IEE Wiring Regulations ¡V Sixteenth Edition. These Regulations though only recently adopted by the Bureau of Standards is the Regulations referred to
Performance Analysis of an Aperture Coupled Microstrip Stacked Patch Antenna For WLAN Applications Abstarct- In this paper microstrip stacked patch antenna with 10mm air gap using aperture coupling technique at frequency of 5.8 GHz has been discussed. Microstrip antennas suffer from a biggest drawback of narrow bandwidth and this can be improved by a technique called aperture coupling and further by stacking of antennas without increase in surface area of antenna. Without stacking bandwidth
Executive Summary Gome Electrical Appliances: Competing for Channel Leadership tell us a story about the legendary development of Gome Electrical Appliances. Its low price sales strategy and the countermeasures toward the price control of the color television price alliance to maintain channel leadership. This case analysis identified two major problems of market strategies Gome took in the channel leadership battle, provided two recommendations, and then analyzed the feasibility of the recommendations
Why I Must Study Electrical and Computer Engineering at Carnegie Mellon A University should be a place of delight, of liberty, and of learning," remarked Benjamin Disraeli, an English author, as if he had Carnegie Mellon in mind as he placed his thoughts in writing. How could the Institute of Technology help me achieve intellectual independence and assist me in pursuing a life of ideas? Being one of the finest establishments in the world, Carnegie Institute of Technology would allow me to fulfill
related with power electronics. For example residential equipments such as PC’s and TV, office equipments like printers and industrial equipment such as PLCs. Nonlinear loads are the most common causes of harmonics and neutral currents. Various electrical equipments such as transformers, motors and cables are affected by harmonics. Equipments such as PC’s and printers using switched mode power supply produce neutral currents. Th...
Introduction: Transformers are widely used in power systems and it is considered as the most essential component of every power system. A transformer is a static device that works on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction and it is used to transfer electrical energy from one circuit to another or in other words it is a device which is used for decreasing or increasing the voltage of an alternating current. Basically there are two types of transformer i.e. step up and step down transformer but in general
Contactors are used to control electric motors, lighting, heating, capacitor banks, thermal evaporators, and other electrical loads. Utilization categories for contactors are defined by IEC standards and indicate the type of electrical load and duty cycle of the loads to ease selection of contactors. Symbol (According to standard IEC 60617: S00218): Construction: A contactor has three parts. The contacts are the current carrying part of the contactor. This includes power contacts, auxiliary
Electrical Engineering Work Performed Electrical Engineers research, develop, design, and test electronic components, products, and systems for commercial, industrial, medical, military, and scientific applications (Cosgrove 749). They are concerned with devices that use small amounts of electricity that make up electronic components such as integrated circuits and microprocessors. By applying principles and techniques of electronic engineering they design, develop, and manufacture products such
synchronous speed. Stator flux still induces currents in the rotor, but since the opposing rotor flux is now cutting the stator coils, active current is produced in stator coils, and motor now operates as a generator, and sends power back to the electrical grid. Based on the source of reactive power induction generators can be classified into two type namely stand-alone generator and grid-connected induction generator. In case of stand-alone IGs the magnetizing flux is established by a capacitor bank