Abstarct: In this paper we get an overview of the dielectric resonator antenna which replaced the simple form of antennas that were being used for the past ten years. These dielectric antenna have been of a great importance to the research work in antenna field as these have a great dielectric constant and higher Q factor than the other isotropic or directive antennas. Earlier these antennas were considered to be energy storage devices but in this paper we have made use of the DRA antennas as radiators
Introduction Dielectric materials are insulators that make it harder for the electric field to penetrate the space within a capacitor; this is due to the theory of polarization. In Lab 4 (Parallel Plate Capacitor), the objective was to measure the dielectric constant (κ) of a textbook (paper) using a makeshift capacitor of aluminum foil. This was done through graphical analysis by the linearization of equation (1). The goal was to construct a linear graph in which the slope and slope error was calculated
Solar Heating It seems self-evident that, as a global society, we must transition eventually from the nonrenewable fossil fuels we currently rely on to renewable sources of energy such as biomass, wind, and particularly solar energy. The latter, though it involves some difficulties, which we will discuss shortly, is especially attractive, I think, because its source is the energy provided by the sun, which is so vast that, according to some, “if it could be effectively harnessed, two days’ worth
Heating Commodities Back in the middle of October, the price of natural-gas had risen because a gas company was forced to shut down a pipeline due to the need for repairs. This impending shortage led to the decrease in prices for other heating commodities, as well as larger profits. The demand for energy was becoming greater and greater because it was that time of year when consumers began storing energy in their homes to prepare for the cold winter months ahead. The four commodities
example, 270 grams, of racemic amphetamine base to react with one mol (150 grams) of d-tartaric acid, forming a dl-amphetamine d-tartrate, or a neutral salt. The neutral salt obtained is dissolved by the addition of about 1 litre, of ethanol, and heating to boiling point. The solution then must be cooled to room temperature with occasional stirring to effect crystallisation. The crystals are filtered out and will be found to contain laevo enantiomorph, which is the left of a pair of crystals that
different side, one that was open and enjoyable, in contrast to being useful or industrial. Conservatories were built for the wealth class. Wealth alone would not have brought about conservatories if it were not for the development of technology in heating, ventilation, iron, and glass . In addition, to the development of technology the interest in growing edible fruits, vegetables and exotic species also inspired the development. Palms were the desired tree of type, representing happiness and a symbol
Heating and Cooling Investigation Aim- to find out if different sized cans affect the temperature of 140ml of boiled water, when they are left alone to cool. In this experiment, I will be using two different sized cans (one 12cm tall holding 330ml and another 9cm tall holding 150ml). I will be seeing if each can keeps the boiled water warm for a period of time and testing to find out which one is the best. Fair Test To make this a fair test, I will have to do many things. Firstly
Obtaining Zinc Oxide from Calamine Introduction Calamine is a mineral containing zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃) On heating it decomposes as: [IMAGE]ZnCO₃ ZnO + CO₂ (C = 12, 0 = 16, Zn = 65) This equation allows you to calculate a theoretical conversion of calamine into zinc oxide. As when using the theoretical conversion; [IMAGE]ZnCO₃ ZnO + CO₂ [IMAGE]65+12+48 65+16 + 12+32 [IMAGE]125 81 + 44 This means that one mole of calamine weighs 125g and when heated it produces
think doubling the voltage will cause the current to double. Resistance is the force that acts against current. Fair Test To make my experiment fair I must do the following: ♥ Turn off the power supply when not in use to prevent over heating. If this occurs the resistance will increase which would make the results unfair and unreliable. ♥ Use the exact same equipment if possible throughout the experiment ♥ Use a fixed value resistor to keep the resistance the same/ constant
(of water) - Filter Planning (b) Apparatus/ Materials - Round bottomed flask under reflux - benzylalcohol - HCl - Na2O4 - Büchner funnel - beakers - sodium carbonate Procedure The benzioc acid is synthesized by heating benzylalcohol in a round bottomed flask under reflux. In addition to that, we use Na2O4 as a oxidizing agent. After that, we use HCl to precipitate it. After the some time, we filter it through a Büchner funnel before it is recrystallized and
sent to live with his uncle Argile. His Uncle taught William Latin and French and how to be a swordsmen.When William's father returned from the revolt at Turnberry Band William was 17 years old. Fighting between rival families and rival towns were heating up. Civil War was about to Break out in Scotland. Brawling and riots inside towns turned into full scale battles, Where in the Battle of Loudoun Hill William's father was involved and killed. William Stayed with his mother For two years until he met
(1) CONDUCTION. If the hot solid is touching the cold solid, then jumpy (hot) atoms can bump against their quiet (cold) neighbor atoms, and if they do the hot guys get quieter and the cold guys heat up. Then the newly-hot-used-to-be-cold guys start heating up *their* neighbors, in turn, and so forth until the heat flows deep into the cold solid. (2) CONVECTION. If the hot solid is not touching the cold solid, there will usually be some third material between the two. If the third material is also a
other times exposed to the air. When exposed the organisms of the rock pool are part of a much smaller body of water than normal. This smaller volume of exposed water is likely to be changed significantly, mostly as a result of heating by the sun (Brehaut, 1982). Heating of exposed rock pools mean that the organisms within have to cope with considerable abiotic variations There are three major factors which fluctuate in rock pools: 1. Temperature- this changes as a small body of water changes temperature
Hot and Cold Winter is coming to the northern hemisphere, and with it, talk of central heating, gloves and scarves, snowfall, and record low temperatures. Monitoring temperatures is part of our everyday life — whether we're talking about the weather, our bodies, central heating, or cooking. In the United States, we typically measure temperature in degrees Fahrenheit. But in other countries, such as England, you'll get the weather forecast in degrees Celsius. Recipes will advise you to bake a pie
Electronic Thermostat for Fridge Introduction Thermostats are a usual method of sensing a temperature of a system and maintain the system’s temperature at a predefined point. The most popular and ubiquitous appliance in any home is a Refrigerator. A thermostat maintains the pre-set value of temperature by switching the heat conduction. In short, it regulates the heat flow. In Physics, there is no such thing as cold, its either higher temperature or lower temperature – heat flow (absorption or dissipation)
are all excited together. There are limits of course. Radio waves penetrate unevenly in thick pieces of food (they don't make it all the way to the middle), and there are also "hot spots" caused by wave interference, but you get the idea. The whole heating process is different because you are "exciting atoms" rather than "conducting heat"." -- Howstuffworks.com From Wikipedia.org: "Microwaves, also known as Super High Frequency (SHF) signals, have wavelengths approximately in the range of 30 cm
whose best friend was a black man named Johnny Dobbs. Raney believed that if her mother could be racist that she could be too. This caused conflict with Charles because she believed she could eaves drop on Charles’s phone conservations through the heating vent in the bedroom. Charles and Raney had very different beliefs and that is why they have trouble getting along with each other sometimes. Raney comes from a family who has strong family and religious ties. Charles is not a serious church attendant
INTRODUCTION Isopentyl acetate, "banana oil", is a naturally occurring compound that possesses a distinctive odor. It is found in bananas, as well as many other organisms. This experiment attempts to produce isopentyl acetate by heating under reflux, which involves heating the mixture in a flask with a condenser placed vertically in the neck since any escaping vapours condense and run back into the flask, by combining isopentyl alcohol with acetic acid and an acid catalyst. The product was isolated
long-chained hydrocarbons, so patterns should be easy to spot in the conclusion. Variables: My independent variables are - The type of alcohol (I will use ethanol, methanol, propanol and butanol) My dependant variables are - the specific heating capacity of water - Mass of water in grams - Change in temperature of water My control variables are - The change in temperature of water- 20..C - The mass of water. If this were changed then all the results would be wrong, because it
atmosphere we live in today. The temperature in our earth is directly determined by these five gases. If not enough are in the air, then the earth is too cold, but if too many gases are released into the air, then we have the problem of things heating up. Even though the causes of global warming are known, the exact effects it will have on us in the future are yet to be determined. People need to understand that they need to act now in order to keep the world as we now know it the same in