Carriage of goods by sea summative assessment 1. The introduction of incorporation clause The bill of lading under a charterparty is just a certificate of receipt for the charterer, the bill of lading is not to be seen as a contract of carriage of goods by sea due to the relationship between the shipowner and charterer under a charterparty. When the bill of lading issued by the shipowner is transferred to a third party by the charterer, the right-obligation relationship between the shipowner and
commonly known as CVC is a special type of a voyage charter where the vessel is contracted for several voyages which follow consecutively upon each other. It is similar to a voyage charter and shares its fundamental features such as freight, laytime, demurrage provisions and risk of delay on the owners. The main idea behind a CVC is that trading
Shell Shipping Oil and gas exporting countries depend on shipping. Shell has shipping organization in London and specialist centers in Houston, The Hague, Singapore, Perth and Tokyo. Shell converts gas in to liquid form called Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and transports it across the world via ships. Shell is the largest LNG shipping operator. Shell operates 50 of the world’s 370 LNG carriers. Scheduling problems There are cases when Shell employs other company ships to transport their cargo,
Admiralty Outline Overview Admiralty is federal law, originating in Article III, § 2 of Constitution. i. First Congress included Cases of Admiralty/Maritime in Judiciary Act. ii. Supremacy Clause. b. If say that case is admiralty/maritime case, governed by admiralty law, is to say that substantive admiralty law applies. i. Differences: statute of limitations, comparative laws for recovery, etc. a. Main: trial by judge. From very beginning, admiralty cases are w/o juries. May