Throughout its history the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, renowned for its natural beauty and natural resources, lured its first settlers with that beauty and ease of access to those natural resources, whether those settlers were Native American tribes or colonists and frontiersmen. Since before the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, the prospect of material wealth derived from those resources inspired many hard working, innovative, and industrious citizens. People such as Colonel Edwin L. Drake,
been several critical court cases that have completely transformed the way that special education policies and procedures are implemented into the classroom. These court cases have given rights, protection, and opportunities to those with disabilities that were not readily available before. The most important court cases that affected special education were Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas; Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania; Armstrong v. Kline;
black students was considered acceptable for almost 100 years. The court’s ruling stated that segregation of children based on race deprived minority children of equal educational opportunities and was in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. The court also ruled that segregation was in direct violation of the Fifth Amendment because it broke the Due Process
agreement. 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. §903 (2014). The requirements to prove conspiracy, if stretched, could potentially catch individuals who in all honesty did not have an agreement to commit a crime. Fortunately, the judicial system in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania attempts to dismiss potentially disingenuous conspiracy charges by prohibiting a conviction for conspiracy to be based upon mere suspicion
HIV status, she may be arrested for reckless endangerment according to Pennsylvania law. A case where an HIV-positive person did not disclose their status to their sexual partner was brought before the Pennsylvania Superior Court. According to Pennsylvania law, “Disclosure of HIV status is a defense ag... ... middle of paper ... ...w in Dental Hygiene (pp. 39-53). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania State Board of Dentistry. (2012, September). Section 4.1 Reason for Refusal
In 1996, the Pennsylvania Legislature enacted an amendment to the state Liquor Code that is popularly known as “Act 199.” A provision of this amendment, prohibits “any advertising of alcoholic beverages” in virtually any medium of mass communication that is affiliated with “any educational institution,” including a college or university. The Pitt News is a certified student organization at the University of Pittsburgh. The University has more than 25,000 students, at least two-thirds of whom are
the majority maintains absolute power by means of “democratic” elections (Horowitz). Some Americans argue that we should be governed only as a Commonwealth rather than of federal and Constitutional democracy. The term Commonwealth does not describe a state by specific political status or legal relationship. Each of the modern states governed as a Commonwealth has carried over from their formations as British
From the time the first colonists arrived in the late Sixteen Hundreds Pennsylvania executions were carried out by public hanging (Cor.state.pa.us, 2014). In Eighteen Forty Three, Pennsylvania became the first state to abolish public hangings. From Eighteen Thirty Four until Nineteen Fifty Three each county was responsible for carrying out private hanging of criminal within the wall of the county jail. In Nineteen Thirteen the responsibility of executions was passed on to the state and the electric
His parents appealed the school district’s decision to the Court of Common Pleas of Northhampton County. They claimed that the school district had violated their son’s First Amendment rights. The Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania stated that viewing the material on “Teacher Sux” could “cause a reasonable person to be physically and emotionally disturbed” and that the school district was justified for choosing to expel J.S.. The court believed that J.S.’s First Amendment rights were not violated
murder date back to the 12th century with the King’s Bench or Queen’s Court in England; we will cover some of the earliest establishments of these laws and/or cases in history. Many states today categorize murder into two degrees: first and second, but others have even more degrees based upon motive, intent, or time. Although England had established a set of criteria for the definition of degrees of murder, the Pennsylvania Court in the Act of Assembly of 1794 stated, “All murder which shall be perpetrated
Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857 • Dred Scott v. Sandford was a supreme court case in which Dred Scott, a slave, tried to sue for his freedom. Scott believed that because he had lived in a state where slavery was illegal he should be allowed freedom. The Supreme Court ruled against Scott saying that because he was from African ancestry he did not have U.S. citizenship and therefore could not bring the issue to court. The Supreme Court basically said that slaves were property. 33. Lecompton Constitution
warrant or probable cause that is in violation of the Fourth Amendment is excluded from a criminal trial to protect the constitutional rights of the accused, although there are exceptions to this rule. (Cornell University, n.d.). In the case of Pennsylvania Board of Probations v. Scott, respondent Keith Scott was released on parole in September 1993 with the condition of refraining from owning or possessing any firearms. Furthermore, Scott signed the parole agreement consenting to warrantless searches
dollars in in damage (today 17 million is equivalent to about 225 million dollars.) The South Fork Dam creating the reservoir created the problem; The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania built the dam between 1838 and 1853. The Pennsylvania railroads acquired shipping priority over canals; through this Pennsylvania sold the canal and reservoir to the Pennsylvania Rail Road. Not having a need for the reservoir the Pennsylvanian rail road sold the land to speculators who wanted to build a resort. The speculators
person’s profile. Can the information that is found can be used against someone in a criminal court of law? If the information can be gathered what is the process of
well as other colonies. Furthermore, according to professor Foner, each colony experienced distinct political development. In Virginia, the crown appointed governor, and local elite was in charge of the colony’s advancement. There was also the county court, or the Justices of Peace. Only the colonial assembly was elected. The House of Burgesses, established in 1639, was the first legislature in Jamestown. Contrary to Virginia, Maryland was a proprietary colony settled in 1632. The charter granted Cecilius
From the origins of criminal victimization, we begin with blaming the offended. (Silverii). Still what is more baffling is to question whether or not it is one's duty to make sure victims won't be victimized again or if victims of a crime that are unreported should even be considered victims. There are three main issues that are provided through victimology and these are context, connections, and investigative direction (Turvey). Most victims are not just victims they're perceived by a criminal as
abortion, and pro-choicers, people who support abortion. Since the Roe v. Wade court case in 1973, which legalized abortion, laws dealing with abortion have been altered in each individual state. Due to these laws, organizations such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and Feminists for Life of America (FFL), have been created to debate the issues of abortion and stand up for what they believe. The laws in Pennsylvania and the Christian Bible have their own perspective on this “hot button” topic
parole for a minor is 10 times more likely for a youth of color than a white one (Arthur and Armstrong). In 2005 as a result of Roper v. Simmons the Supreme Court established that it was illegal to use the death penalty on anyone that had committed a crime under the age of 18. Later, in 2010 after the ruling of Graham v. Florida the US Supreme court ruled that sentencing a minor to life in prison without parole for cases other than murder was illegal. They decided this because of the argument that life
public education strives to provide equal opportunities for all students. Students came to receive equal education opportunities through a chain of events. Brown vs. Board of Education began the integration of American public schools. The Supreme Court decided that segregation had no place in public schools; they felt that segregation created a feeling of inferiority, which in turn affected students learning. (Webb) Even though this movement directly affected blacks, the outcomes were far reaching
Eligibility Criteria and Beneficiaries The OAA is generally for older adults aged sixty and above. The persons need to be in real need of the services. The person may be as low as age fifty five; Title V provides support for part-time employment for individuals aged fifty five and over that earn a low income and have poor employment possibilities. Individuals included in the Act are American Indians, Native Alaskan Americans, Native Hawaiian Americans, tribal organizations, and persons with disabilities