The chitosan nanoparticles used widely as a drug delivery systems last few years. In the present study the Echis carinataus snake venom loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared based on ionic gelation of tripolyphosphate and chitosan.. The nanoparticles physicochemical characteristics , stability and biological activity of encapsulated venom were studied . The particles were spherical in shape and the tripolyphosphoric groups of TPP were linked to the ammonium groups of chitosan. Optimum particle
extensive research was carried on for the maximum protection of vitamin C maintaining the stability, pH sensitivity and permeation to the skin. Summary of Preferred Solution N-acyl chitosan nanoparticles loaded with vitamin C: Fig.4. Chitosan structure (16) In this case study, our concern goes for the chitosan nanoparticles; firstly nanoparticles are able to adsorb and/or encapsulate a drug, thus protecting it against chemical and enzymatic degradation. Furthermore the encapsulated drug may
Chitosan is a product obtained from chitin, which has been found in a wide range of natural resources including crustaceans [12, 21, 22] and fungi [11, 18, 23]. The production of chitosan from chitin can be performed by distinct methods[24], but the most common is the process called deacetylation[11, 23] which consists in the removal of the acetyl group and is usually performed with concentrated NaOH at high temperatures[16, 25]. The characteristics of chitosan that may affect its sorption properties
Chitosan and Weight Loss Just What They Want To Hear Everyone enjoys a good fatty meal from McDonald's, KFC, or any other fast food restaurant from time to time. Or maybe just a bag of chips, a candy bar, or an ice cream cone. All of these are food items which people consume on a regular basis and are full of fat. For years, the public has worried about the intake of fat from items such as these and has almost obsessed over weight, figures, and fat. With all the hype about liquid diets
Chitosan is a cationic copolymer of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine (Mourya, Inamdar,&Tiwari, 2010).Due toits non-toxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioadhesivity, antimicrobial activity and physicochemical and biological properties, chitosan can be applied in a variety of fields. However, the poor solubility in water and most common organic solvents limits its applications (Dash, Chiellini, Ottenbrite, &Chiellini, 2011).According to the literature (Du & Hsieh, 2008; Mourya, Inamdar
producing chitosan; this process is costly, thus limiting wider applications of chitosan. Simplification of chitosan production by elimination of the DM or DP step, or reduction of reaction time required for DM and DP (No et al., 2003) would considerably reduce production cost due to reduction in chemical usage, process time, and voluminous wastewater discharge. However, chitosan can be prepared in simple method for some uses, such as coating of eggs. Because that does not require a pure chitosan (No et
will be used for the oxidation process to oxidase graphite powder to graphite oxide. The next process will be to get the reduced graphene oxide. Hydrazine monohydrate will be used as the reductants. To make graphene as a glucose sensor, glucose, chitosan, phosphate buffer saline, potassium chloride, acetic acid, chloroplatinic acid, sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, ascorbic acid and uric acid will be used. All solutions used in the glucose sensor experiment will be prepared with ultra-pure water
Several factors affect the action of disintegrants such as: ratio of the disintegrant in tablet, particle size, molecular structure, compression force, method of incoroporation, compatibility with other excipients, adding more than one disintegrant, addition of surfactant, tablet hardness the tablets, API nature , mixing, screening and others [5,10,11]. In 1980, Rundic and co-workers found that larger CPV grades (with larger particle size) are more efficient than smaller one [12]. Later in 1981,
which is assembled further into a bundle of fibers in the exoskeleton. In addition to that, the calcium carbonate in the form of calcite deposited in the chitin–protein matrix. Current status of extraction process of chitosan Most of the chemical based extraction processes for chitosan from grabs shells are involved with harsh chemicals with high concentration and temperature. For
A H2/O2 proton−exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a clean, sustainable energy source and suitable for the operation of small electronic device [1]. Among many problems that still exist for PEMFC, the sluggish reactions at the cathode electrode and poor mass transport of protons and electron decrease the fuel cell performance by increasing the activation overvoltage, or activation loss [2]. This problem can, however, be solved by raising the fuel-cell operating temperature [3], but only up to
INTRODUCTION In conditions of lack of natural enemies, also as exponential scientific, technical and technological growth, some problems occurred that human kind wasn’t face earlier. With some actions that are taken, humans have succeeded to affect the ecosystem, unfortunately this effect was basically negative, and is manifested trough the climate changes or a nonrenewable resource waste. All the needs of contemporary society, such as food, fuel, energy and materials, mostly depends on energy
1.2.2.1 Cuticle Due to protonic natureconsists of protein, it is smooth and water resistant and it is the outermost thin layer.Meanwhile there is a propensity to mistake primary wall with the cuticle, but these are particular and distinctive structures botanical view. During their life cycle, at some stage, cuticle are presented in the air, usually consider a characteristic of cells [10]. The structure of the cuticle has been determined that it is often extremely thin as comparatively few plants
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Nanotechnology Historical background of nanotechnology : (Feynman,1961; Drexler,2004; Ochekpe et al., 2009) Nanotechnology can be defined as the technology at the scale of one-billionth of a metre. The matter posses unique properties with nano scale of 1-100 nanometres (nm) size. The large surface area to volume ratio is the key element that is exhibited by the nano material and thus leaded to a variety of manipulations, diversifications and useful applications
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION This chapter mainly explains about the problem statement or identification. It also highlights the objectives and the significance of the study, recovery of polymeric material from Leucaena leucocephala peel. According to the global perspective, some plants are wildly grown in the forest. Every plant has its own functions and uniqueness. For the local scenario, some plants are also easy to grow and can produce in abundance numbers of production. The productions may worth
Nanotechnology and plastic surgery Nanotechnology is defined as the science of design, synthesis and characterization of matter at the nanoscale, which mesures one billionth of the meter [1,2] On that scale, structures exhibit novel chemical, physical and biological properties and processes, which enables the creation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), with various characteristics and potential applications. [3] It’s not just that though. Nanotechnology shows the ability to eliminate the gaps
Tissue engineering is a field which involves biology, medicine, and engineering. It aims at restoring, maintaining and enhancing tissue and organ function by implanting natural, synthetic or semi-synthetic tissue and bioartificial organs that are fully functional from the beginning, or that grow into the required functionality (Nature Publishing Group., 2014). It is emerging as a potential alternative or complimentary solution for organ failure. Basic Tissue Engineering Principles (Castells-Sala
content (2 wt%), the relative permeability coefficient decreases with increase the length of the clay [92]. Contradictorily, Cloisite 30B is more effective in reducing the water vapor permeability of poly-lactic acid based nanocomposite films and chitosan based nanocomposite film [90, 56]. Similar results about water vapor permeability of bio-nanocomposite films based on other biopolymers, such as whey protein isolate [93-94], starch [95], soy protein isolate [96-97], poly(caprolactone) [29] and wheat
Diffusion theory: Diffusion theory describes the interpenetration of both polymer and mucin chains to a sufficient depth to create a semi-permanent adhesive bond. The adhesion force increases with the degree of penetration of the polymer chains. This penetration rate depends on the diffusion coefficient, flexibility and nature of the mucoadhesive chains, mobility and contact time. The depth of interpenetration required to produce an efficient bioadhesive bond lies in the range 0.2-0.5 μm. This interpenetration
FOOD PACKAGING Introduction Packaging is the enclosing of products inside another physical material like plastic, glass, metal, etc. that provides a physical barrier over the products. Packaging is now a thriving industry where, over 50% of the materials produced are used for packing of food products. Apart from being a physical barrier, it provides protection, makes the product more attractive to the consumers, makes storage, transportation and distribution easier, provides information such as
A. Purpose of treatment: Fiber supplements benefit the body through maintaining regularity in the digestive system. Fiber supplements assist the body in compensating for fiber deficiencies when there remains an inadequate amount of fiber in the digestive system. In addition, fiber supplements help to relieve constipation. Fiber can become an aid in weight reduction as well. In all fiber supplements assist in the maintenance of good health and nutrition. B. Rationale of fiber supplements: