theories. The Double Deficit theory suggested that dyslexic symptoms were the result of speed-processing (7). The Genomic theory posed that dyslexia was a highly heritable disorder that can be localized to a specific genetic component, Finally, the Cerebellar Deficit theory suggested that dyslexia was the result of an abnormal cerebellum exist (2). With the constant debate of the biological nature versus the cognitive natur... ... middle of paper ... ...explanation of temporal processing and phonological
the medical doctor, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, which may have a genetic link, is characterized by a small or misshapen posterior fossa (the depression in the back of the skull), a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid pathways and a protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils through the bottom of the skull (foramen magnum) into the spinal canal resulting in a multitude of sensory-motor problems and even some autonomous malfunctions (1). These many symptoms can come in a variety of forms which often makes a clinical
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) was first described in 1900 by Dejerine and Thomas. OPCA is a group of dominant inheritance and sporadic neurological disorders characterized by a chronic, progressive, cerebellar ataxia that begins in middle age. The cerebellum and its connections are the primary sites of the disease in chronic progressive disorders that often occur in familial or hereditary patterns. Postmortem studies indicate an atrophy of the cerebellum, pons
research is still slow and often under-funded. Eric Courchesne (2), a leading scientist whose studies of the cerebellum have opened a new field of belief for the region's potential functions, suggested that autistics have a marked propensity for cerebellar lesions and Purkinje neuron loss, leading to an inability to "rapidly and accurately" change attention from one focus to another, particularly in the areas of visual and auditory stimuli. Dr. Margaret Bauman, (Dept. of Neurology, Harvard Medical
ALCOHOL RELATED DISEASE ASSIGNMENT By Angielyn Aran Cerebellar Degeneration Cerebellar degeneration is a process in which neurons in the cerebellum (the area of the brain that controls coordination and balance) deteriorate and die. Diseases that causes cerebellar degeneration can also involve other areas of the Central Nervous System. Cerebellar degeneration may be the result of inherited genetic mutations that alter the normal production of specific proteins that are necessary for the survival
2.2.2. IO-DCN synaptic plasticity The MF-DCN synaptic plasticity mechanism was previously hypothesized to be a proper cerebellar gain controller which self-adapts its maximum output activity to minimize the inhibition impact of the inhibitory pathway already described (Garrido et al., 2013a). Nevertheless, this cerebellar gain controller reaches the adequate state through the learning process. This involves a time period in which the control action is not delivered properly which make the system
dysarthria and dysphagia. He is radiologically and clinically diagnosed as a case history of Ischaemic stroke. This subject improved considerably with treatment. Wallenberg is usually caused by obstruction of the cranial articulation of the rear inferior cerebellar artery or the vertebral artery. Embolism or thrombosis may be the cause of the occlusion. The emboli arise from the large vessels or the heart. We can determine Wallenberg syndrome with professional CT/MRI of the cerebrum and clinical eye. It should
roles the cerebellum is implicated in. One of these hypotheses include the association Gao et al. made in the acquisition and discrimination of sensory information using innovative techniques such as that of magnetic resonance imaging of the lateral cerebellar nucleus, while additionally engaging individuals in both active and passive sensory tasks (1996). These results from the Gao et al. research are just one of the many investigations that have further supported the cerebellum’s function in sensory
Co-Ordination in Opossums (Family Didelphidae): Evidence for the Evolution of Diagonal-Sequence Walking Gaits in Primates.” Journal of Zoology 260.4 (2003): 423–429. Ozcelik, T. et al. “Mutations in the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor VLDLR Cause Cerebellar Hypoplasia and Quadrupedal Locomotion in Humans.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105.11 (2008): 4232–4236. Türkmen, Seval et al. “CA8 Mutations Cause a Novel Syndrome Characterized by Ataxia and Mild Mental Retardation with Predisposition
explore through this paper. Uner Tan Syndrome is a rare disease where people walk on all fours. They walk with quadrupedal locomotion, commonly referred to as wrist walking. “ It is a condition that in its most extreme form is characterized by cerebellar hypoplasia.” (Shapiro LJ 2014, p.1). Humans with Uner Tan Syndrome show lack of cognitive ability, mental retardation, loss of balance, primitive speech and a quadrupedal gait (walking on four feet). Biologist Uner Tan was in Turkey when he discovered
I took up an interest in neuroscience about two years ago when I started a job working one on one with children with special needs. Diseases of the nervous system became an interest of mine, which led to my affinity for neuroscience as a whole. I bought a few books and started to read up on the basic concepts. I enjoy my neuroscience courses, and am excited to major in neuroscience. I am especially excited to work in the Parker lab, as autism is the main area of study at the moment. Furthermore,
What is motor memory? Motor memory is our muscle memory that has been synonymously with motor learning, which is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition. As we grow up we learn how to speak, see, smell, and touch. Motor memory is the result of motor learning, which involves developing new muscular coordination. Motor memory plays a huge role in our life because it makes us proficient at the things we learn, but we are only proficient
Gliadins’ are mostly monomeric proteins with molecular weights between 28,000 and 55,000 and can be classified depending upon their different primary structures into the a/b-, y- and o-type. They can be found in wheat and in different other cereals within the grass genus Triticum (Wieser, 1996). For each type, the structural differences between them are small. This is because of the substitution, deletion and insertion of single amino acid residues (Weiser, 2007). These proteins contain unusually
obesity. Obesity Reviews, 12e54-e63. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00813. Miller, J. L., Couch, J., Schwenk, K., Long, M., Towler, S., Theriaque, D. W., & ... Leonard, C. M. (2009). Early Childhood Obesity is Associated With Compromised Cerebellar Development. Developmental Neuropsychology, 34(3), 272-283. doi:10.1080/87565640802530961 Phillips, F. (2012). Facing up to childhood obesity. Practice Nurse, 42(11), 14-17 Pizzi, M. A., & Vroman, K. (2013). Childhood Obesity: Effects on Children's
The human brain is a very complex system, much like a city it strives for order and efficiency. However a patient with Bipolar Disorder has a very chaotic type of brain function; causing changes in mood and sometimes suicidal thoughts Bipolar Disorder is a common psychiatric mood disorder that is defined by recurrent episodes of abnormally elevated mood and depression, changes in energy and, the ability to carry out day to day tasks. (Joel, Jakosson and colleges) “Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic
I remember praying before surgery, “please God just let me wake up.” The Surgery itself didn’t scare me, not waking up is what terrified me. I was only 27, with two young children at home. I didn’t want them to grow up without a mom. So this is what I kept repeating to myself. I had been though so much since I started getting sick 5 years ago. I knew in my gut that this surgery was going to save me. There is a saying that has stuck with me though this journey, “ what doesn’t kill you makes
membrane • Falx cerebri – a large crescent shaped fold that is amid cerebral hemispheres • Tentorium cerebelli – horizontal large crescent crease attached to the internal surface of the occipital bone • Falx cerebelli - a fold that divides the cerebellar hemispheres and is attached internally to the occipital bone and is small and crescent shaped • Subdural space – an area between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater that is filled with fluid Arachnoid mater – a shielding membrane that covers
The enteric brain is the mind of the gut, which functions to send and receive impulses, respond to emotions, and record experiences. It contains neurotransmitters that influence the nerve cells. This brain is situated in the sheaths of the tissues that line the esophagus, colon, small intestines, and stomach. Moreover, the enteric brain contains a network of neurons as well as proteins that transmit messages across the support cells, neurons, and the complex circuitry that makes it possible for the
Assignment Autism and the brain Ayesha Saaeb Saeed Al Thumairi 200917076 Psy: 321-001 Date: 20-4-2014 Final draft Autism is a wide-spectrum disorder of brain development. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are defined by strong and pervasive shortage in socialisation, communication (verbal and nonverbal), and restricted or stereotyped behaviours ( Levy, Mandell and Schultz, 2010). So, people with ASD are different from most other people in the way they behave, interact and learn. Although
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Many studies have established that a developing organism is susceptible to exogenous and endogenous factors during certain stage of the organism’s development. The effects of ethyl alcohol or ethanol on the developing fetus, which manifest a variety of characteristic abnormalities, are collectively called Fetal alcohol Syndrome. Ethanol exposure to the fetus causes various malformation ranging from the cellular to the organismic levels with the eventual results frequently