Introduction Catalytic converters are an integral part of converting much of the pollution that comes out of a car’s exhaust. Almost every car since the year 1970 has come with a catalytic converter in order to reduce harmful emissions. I chose to explain the function and chemistry behind the catalytic converter because I have an interest in cars and I wanted to know more about them. Background In order to understand how catalytic converters work, one must understand that air and fuel burn in
Catalytic Converters Introduction There are millions of cars on the road in the United States, and each one is a source of air pollution. Especially in large cities, the amount of pollution cars produce everyday is a lot. To solve those problems, many laws have been enacted restricting the amount of pollution that cars can produce. To make their cars as pollution-free as possible, automakers have made many refinements to car engines and fuel systems and have developed the catalytic converter
Catalytic converters have become a major importance in our world’s fight for global warming. Why? Because these catalytic converters are greatly reducing the amount of air pollution coming from the exhausts of our automobiles. “Two components of automobile exhausts that help form photochemical smog are nitrogen oxides and unburned hydrocarbons. In addition, automobile exhaust may contain considerable quantities of carbon monoxide” (Brown, LeMay, Bursten, Murphy, & Woodward, 2012). However, adding
and sulfur dioxide. However, the invention of the catalytic converter has helped reduce the pollution. Catalytic converters were first used due to the contractions on toxic emission regulations in the 1970s. The catalytic converter “turn the harmful chemicals in vehicle exhausts into harmless gases such as steam” (Woodford). These catalytic converters are essential to creating a less polluted atmosphere. An engine with and without a catalytic converter differs greatly and the reactions occurring are
The environment is a hotly debated topic in today's society. Some of the subtopics that are going to be discussed are going to be those related to the way technology is changing, what industries are doing to help prevent further pollution, some of the methods used in paper recycling, and some discussion of renewable energy sources. For the most part, this section of the research paper, unlike the other sections, is going to attempt to discuss some of the ways the public has been dealing with, and
The Catalytic converter The catalytic converter is a simple yet fascinating invention that uses precious metals such as platinum palladium, and rhodium as catalyst to cause reduction and oxidation reactions that can reduce dangerous gasses produced by combustion engines by over 95% converting them into less harmful gasses. Even though catalytic converters are quite simple they are still extremely expensive, this is due to the precious metals that are used as catalysts. The reactions that take place
Sauter, Sam Stebbins and Thomas C. Frohlich, 24/7 Wall St.9:33 a.m. EDT August 22, 2015) It should be pointed out that Catalytic Converters require the use of unleaded fuel to work. In 1976, because of the clean air act, a move away from leaded fuel began and leaded gasoline was completely phased out in the US in 1996. The removal of lead and introduction of catalytic converter is one of the many step that can be credited for the reduction of air pollution in Los Angeles. Although a big effort has
washcoat. The converter uses two different types of catalysts, a reduction catalyst and an oxidization catalyst. The reduction catalyst It uses platinum and rhodium to help reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions. When such molecules
exhaust system for the automobile usually consists of the following components: Cylinder head and Exhaust Manifold Exhaust Pipes and Elbows Catalytic converter Center Pipe Muffler Tail Pipe Further, the exhaust system is divided into three sections with different requirements as follows- High temperature section: It consists of exhaust manifold, catalytic converter, diesel particulate filter. It should have high resistance to scaling and low embrittlement tendency Middle section: It contains pre-silencer
Throughout the course of time, there have been many influential discoveries that have ultimately reshaped and changed the thought processes around not only those time periods, but around the expanses of the experimental breakthroughs found by future generations. The unearthing of palladium (Pd) can most assuredly be considered one of those significant findings. Possessing a history full of doubt, speculation, and intrigue, palladium has proven itself to be an element of monumental importance with
uk/physical/equilibria/haber.html. (2002). Np. Web. Date accessed: 24.05.11. Bryant, Charles. ‘How catalytic converters work‘. http://www.howstuffworks.com/catalytic-converter.htm. N.p. Web. Date accessed: 25.05.11 Wikipedia. ‘Catalytic Converters.’ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_converter. Wikimedia Foundations Inc., Web. Date Accessed: 25.05.11 R, Eric and C, Pete ‘Catalytic converter’. http://www.fordscorpio.co.uk/cats.htm. (2005). N.p. Web. Date accessed: 23.05.11
Gasoline Gasoline has gone through many changes in the last couple of decades, both for efficiency and for environmental considerations. During the early 20th Century, the oil companies were producing gasoline as a simple distillate from petroleum, but the automotive engine was rapidly being improved and required a suitable fuel. Engines were modified to run on kerosene, however kerosene-fueled engines would "knock" and crack the cylinder head and pistons. This then led to the long search
nitrogen production. Rich conditions result in carbon monoxide production. For this reason catalytic converters are used on an engine’s exhaust. The catalyst material in a cat is in a wire mesh or honeycomb. This allows a high surface area to be exposed to the passing exhaust gasses. The catalyst converts the harmful nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide into nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and oxygen. Catalytic converters work best when warm, so some car manufacturers are putting "pre cats" in the exhaust
As a health and safety professional with the city's Health Department, my job is to ensure workplaces are free from health and safety hazards, and that all employees are protected from these hazards at all times. Workplaces contain many types of health and safety hazards. As a result, employers are required to keep employees safe and protect them against these hazards. Investigating and identifying incidents which result from hazards is an important role of the employer, and the health and safety
Pros and Cons of 5 Popular Modifications for Cars and Trucks When you buy a new car or even a new used car your mind starts racing through the modification possibilities. Whether you 're looking for more performance, better handling or improving the exterior appearance, opportunities abound. The question is what are the pros and cons to these modifications and how will they change the resale value and the warranty coverage. Here we 'll cover the pros and cons of five popular modifications and finish
02041.x [10]: M Rajasekhar Reddy & K .Madhava Reddy, Design And Optimization Of Exhaust Muffler In Automobiles, International Journal of Automobile Engineering, Research and Development, ISSN 2277-4785, Vol.2, Issue 2 Sep 2012 11-21 [11]: Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by hydrocarbons Michael D. Amiridisa, Tiejun Zhanga, Robert J. Farrautob, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Volume 10, Issues 1–3, 14 September 1996, Pages 203–227 [12]: Ceramic Diesel Particulate Filters, Joerg Adler
I enjoyed reading about “Happiness Is a Collective –Not Just Individual Phenomenon”. This is very enlightening article because, in our current time, some of people may express their feelings via social media. We want to share our happiness, goals and accomplishments with others. I know when I post something positive in my life, I will go back and check the comments and see how many likes I have received on that particular post. I do this not only for the social interaction but to see the positive
Drag Racing Dreams The heat was unbearable as I pulled up to the starting line. The smell of exhaust gases and burned rubber filled the air. The starting light received my fullest attention, zoning everything out of my conscience. 3...2...1...green light! I stomped my foot on the accelerator as I side stepped my clutch. Shifting into second gear, I flipped the switch to my nitrous oxide system. Instantaneously I was thrown back into my seat. All of a sudden a loud pop disturbed
processes, methods, services and approaches to management. But unfortunately Johnson will need to keep up to date with this change as he mentions if someone or some competitor innovates and designs a new product that decreases the demand for a catalytic convertor that can lead to the liquidation of the business or decrease in demand for the product. • Economic Environment. - This relates to the factors that can have an affect on the flow of money into the business. These effects can be inflation
of this project. Executive Summary The aim of project is to researches and analyses for DC DC converter to suitable application of coil gun. In this project, the DC converters have different type and characteristics. That is introducing four types of them namely, Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost and Cuk converter were studied and compared. In design 4A, implement the circuit of high voltage DC DC boost converter was simulated using the PSIM software. The PSIM software is widely adopted in universities, consultants