An Investigation Into a Reaction Catalysed by a Protease Aim. To investigate the effect of temperature and the effectiveness of this enzyme in breaking down the gelatine (protein) on the back of photographic film. Prediction I predict that the effect of the temperature will be that the higher the temperature the quicker the enzyme will break down the gelatine, but the temperature will have to be an optimum temperature because if it is too high, the enzyme will be denatured. If the
School Completion Date: Introduction We are studying the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid, the reaction is catalysed by copper sulphate and this experiment is to test whether the amount of drops effect the rate of reaction. Word Equation Zinc(s) + Sulphuric acid(aq) à Hydrogen(g) + Zinc Sulphate(aq) Symbol Equation Zn + H2SO4 à H + ZnSO4 This reaction is catalysed by Copper sulphate (CuSO4) Ionic Equation - Cancel Spectator ion (SO42-) Zn + 2H+ à Zn2+ + H2 For this reaction to
molecules will have and the faster they will move, increasing the number of collisions and the chance that the collisions will lead to a reaction. In terms of enzymes, we are trying to get the substrate to collide with the enzyme and for the enzyme-catalysed reaction to take place. Again, the higher the temperature the more likely there will be effective collisions. Fair test: The best way to ensure that the experiment is fair is to make sure that the conditions are exactly the same for all the
The Effect of a Catalase on the Breakdown of Hydrogen Peroxide Aim To follow the progress of a catalysed reaction by measuring the volume of gas produced as the reaction proceeds. Using the initial rates of a series of experiments I will be able to find the orders of the reaction with respect to enzyme and substrate. Also to find out if concentration has an effect on the reaction when an enzyme is used to accelerate the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. Introduction / Background Information
The word glycolysis comes from the two Greek words glykys, meaning sweet, and lysis, meaning splitting [8]. In this process a molecule of glucose is degraded into two molecules of pyruvate. Glycolysis consists of ten enzyme catalysed reactions. Cells can only utilise phosphorylated glucose. The first reaction in glycolysis is therefore a phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate. In E. coli this is generally performed by the glucose specific phosphotransferase system (PTS) [9]. This system
This is because of the decomposition reaction that occurs when H2O2 is catalysed. It will produce H2O and O2 due to them being the two atoms that together, make H2O2. The products that H2O2 produces can be shown through the different experiments that were tested. For example, when liver was added to H2O2 in test 6, there was
Kinetics of Enzyme catalysed reactions: Enzyme kinetics deals with the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions. This provide information about several important aspects such as:- i)Specificity of enzyme ii)Mechanism of enzyme action iii)Parameters which characterize the physical properties of enzymes. In order to understand enzyme kinetics, it is important to understand Vmax and Michaelis-Menten constant. The rate of reaction catalyzed by an enzyme
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). In which a molecule of CO2 is covalently bonded to a molecule of RuBP forming the first stable intermediate 3-Phosphoglycerate. It is from this 3 carbon product that the name C3 photosynthesis comes from. This reaction catalysed by the enzyme Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) 2. Reduction of 3-phosphoglycerate to the carbohydrate glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, utilizing the ATP and NADPH formed in the light harvesting reactions. 3. Regeneration of
Normally, emulsified water is generally present in crude oil as a result of the mixing occurring during production operations and referred to as oil field emulsion. This emulsion can be encountered at numerous stages include during drilling, producing, transporting and processing of crude oil. However, the formation of emulsion creates problems in oil field industry. They might increase the cost of production and also transportation; accumulate in the refinery tank age, pipeline corrosion, equipment
The reunification of upper and Lower Egypt catalysed the syncretism of prominent sun deities Amun and Re. Consequently, a powerful cult emerged that became the prevailing religious ideology, as well as an important political power base which secured dynastic legitimacy. The importance and impact of the Amun cult is diverse, as it developed social cohesion, shaped the ideology of kingship, facilitated economic and military prosperity, and formed a new power base; the Amun Priesthood. The cult of
Iron Gall Iron gall inks became prominent in the early 12th century; they were used for centuries and were widely thought to be the best type of ink. However, iron gall ink is corrosive and damages the paper it is written on (Waters 1940). Items containing this ink can become brittle and the writing fades to brown. The original scores of Johann Sebastian Bach are threatened by the destructive properties of iron gall ink. The majority of his works are held by the German State Library, and about 25%
Task 1 There are our series in the degradation of glucose in the two different forms of respiration. This includes glycolysis, link reaction, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. The degradation of one molecule of glucose in the presence of oxygen goes through all four series. Inside aerobic respiration, the pyruvate moves to the mitochondria, whereas in the anaerobic respiration, the pyruvate stays in the cytoplasm. This is therefore showing that anaerobic respiration goes through all
be used again and again. 4. They are affected by temperature. 5. They are affected by Ph. The information was from 'Encarta 98' and 'Biology For You' - by Gareth Williams Background knowledge (facts): Chemicals changed by enzymes catalysed reactions are called the substrate of the enzyme they fit into the active site of the enzyme; this is where the reaction takes place, this happens with a lock and key mechanism. The product of the reaction then leaves the active site, freeing
by intestinal absorption. 85% converted too inactive metabolites via esterase’s and 15% converted to active thiol-containing metabolite by CYP450 enzymes (Agewall et al., 2013). Conversion to 2-oxo-cloipidogrel is catalysed by CYP2C19, CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 while the second step is catalysed by CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, and CYP2C9 which form the active metabolite and binding to the P2Y12 receptors inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation (Agewall et al., 2013). After 5 days Drugs.com (n.d.) stated that
and cre... ... middle of paper ... ... as sins. Hamlet is not a play based on religion but it utilises religious belies of the 16th century. Hamlet’s procrastination and the internal conflicts he faces, portrayed through his soliloquies, are catalysed by his religious beliefs. The play is set in Denmark a protestant nation, but this might not affect the plot because it is set at a time period before the protestant reformation. However both Faustus and Hamlet attended the University of Wittenberg
levels. When either of these conditions is not in optimal range the active sites of the enzyme can be denatured therefore disallowing the substrate to catalyse and reducing reaction rate (Berg, Tymoczko, Stryer, & Stryer, 2002). The substrate being catalysed in this experiment is starch. Starch is a polysaccharide Carbohydrate consisting of many glucose molecules that are linked together in straight or branched chains using glycosidic bonds . The Enzyme being used in this experiment is a-amylase, simulating
The Uses of Enzymes In Industry, Medicine and Analytical and Diagnostic Processes Enzymes are very precise protein molecules with a high specificity which are used to catalyse chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to take place. It is these properties of being able to break down substances easily and bind specifically to certain chemicals that make enzymes very useful in many industries and practices throughout the world. In addition to this enzymes
Most hydrogen ions in the body fluids are generated internally from metabolic activities. The major source of H+ is through H2CO3 formation metabolically produced CO2. Cellular oxidation of nutrients yields energy with CO2 and H2O as end products. Catalysed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, CO2 and H2O from H2CO3 which then partially dissociates to liberate free hydrogen ions and HCO3-. The reaction is reversible because it can go in either direction, depending on the concentration of the substances
such as memory and cognition. A major mechanism in epigenetics is DNA methylation. DNA methylation occurs in two mechanisms and is the addition of a methyl (-CH₃) group through a covalent bond to a cytosine side chain. DNA methylation is catalysed by a group of enzymes called DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). DNMT adds methyl groups to cytosine residues. Cytosines have to be immediately followed by a Guanine In order to be methylated, these are called CpG dinucleotides. Around 70% of these dinucleotides
Despite the Romantics valuing of nature, the direct threat to the natural habitat marked by the presence of soot around steel manufacturing towns due to the Industrial Revolution catalysed increased support in Pantheism which valued the unity between man, God and nature. A Pantheist himself, Coleridge’s This Lime Tree Bower My Prison (1816) follows the persona’s wishes to accompany his colleagues upon an expedition after suffering