they are injecting into their bodies, botulinum toxin, is one of the most lethal substances known to mankind. This neurotoxin poses a major threat to be used in a bioterrorism attack, killing thousands of people. If it is truly as toxic as scientists claim, then how can botulinum toxin possibly be used in facial injections? This is a very controversial substance that possesses an intriguing mixture of paradoxical uses. Uncovering the puzzle pieces of botulinum toxin’s chemical composition and history
It is known to be one of the most poisonous biological substances and is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium Botulinum. Clostridium Botulinum a rod-shaped organism is known to grow best in low oxygen conditions. This bacteria form spores allowing them to stay dormant until it encounters a condition that cannot support its growth. Clostridium Botulinum produces eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, and G). All variations of this microorganism interfere
September 21, 2015 How Botulism Toxin (Botox) Causes Paralysis Botulinum toxin is the toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. (CDC) This toxin is the most poisonous substance known to man. (Reddy) One gram of botulinum, if distributed evenly, could kill one million people if inhaled. (Reddy) Botulism, the disease caused by botulinum toxin, is very rare; there are only roughly 145 new cases in the United States each year. (CDC) However, even though the toxin is so poisonous, it’s also used
While we may think that Botulinum Toxin or “Botox” is only used for cosmetic alteration on our favorite actors or actresses, it is actually a biological substance used by scientist, doctors, and terrorist for a plethora of functions. In the following paper I will first explain what a biological substance and or weapon is to better inform you of Botulinum Toxin. Later in my research I will discuss what affects it actually has on the human body. After careful explanation I will then talk about the
researchers prior to the study” (Whalen). The drug is used more for psychological reasons than for medical reasons. “Botox is a neurotoxin derived from Clostridium botulinum, an organism found in the natural environment where it is largely inactive and non-toxic” (Nichols). It temporarily paralyzes the muscles. Clostridium botulinum can be found in the forest and cultivated soils, and in the sediments of lakes, streams and untreated waters. The bacteria can be found also in the intestines of mammals
Fatal Dilemma: Using Clostridium botulinum as a Biological Weapon Ever since the dawn of biotechnology, the world had to face a new dilemma: bioterrorism. Using biological agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., bioterrorism attack aims to cause illness of death in people, animals, or plants as a method of warfare. Used throughout history, biological weapon serves as a pivotal role in disarming an army. Botulism toxin, known for the most toxic substance in the biological world, has been
History Clostridium botulinum has a rich history dating back to 19th century Europe where it first contaminated sausages, causing outbreaks of foodborne botulism. (1-3) In fact, the term botulism is derived from the Latin term botulus, meaning sausage. (1,3) Microbiologist Emile Pierre Marie van Ermengem first described the etiologic agent in 1897, (1-3) following isolation of the anaerobic bacillus from ham and splenic tissue obtained upon autopsy. (2,3) Although first referred to as Bacillus botulinus
Botulism is a rare but serious condition caused by toxins from bacteria called Clostridium botulinum (Botulism, 2012). Botulinum neurotoxins or, as abbreviated BoNTs, are some of the most extreme and dangerous substances that are known to the human population. There are 3 forms of botulism which include infant botulism, food borne botulism and wound botulism (Botulism, 2012). This specific genus of Clostridium causes “flaccid muscle paralysis by blocking acetylcholine release at nerve muscle junctions
middle of paper ... ..., Chen Y, Xie NC, Wang LJ. Botulinum toxin type A for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache 2012:32: 443-450. 26. Simpson LL. Identification of the characteristics that underlie botulinum toxin potency: implications for designing novel drugs. Biochimie 2000:82: 943-953. 27. Guyer BM. Mechanism of Botulinum Toxin in the Relief of Chronic Pain. Current review of
serious paralytic illness that is caused by the botulinum toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum is a gram positive, anaerobic, spore forming bacterium that is naturally occurring in soil. Botulism dates back to the eighteenth century when the first food borne botulism was documented. During this time many people were doing home fermented sausages and this was thought to be the cause of botulism. This is how the toxin got its name since “Botulism” in Latin comes
The Ethics of Botox What is Botox? Botox is short for Botulinum Type A Toxin, a protein complex produced by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum. Botox injection is one of the newest and among the most popular cosmetic procedures for wrinkles. Botox works magically to smooth out facial lines by preventing the muscles that cause frown lines from contracting. Only a tiny amount of this toxin is used in Botox injection for beautification purposes. According to the American Society for
An unlikely substance for humans to willingly inject into themselves, botulinum toxin is the endotoxin produced by the gram-negative, acidophilic anaerobe Clostridium botulinum. This neurotoxin, which causes muscular paralysis and can result in death due to respiratory failure, is extremely potent; just 50 grams would be enough to kill every person on the planet (Lindsay, 2013). The earliest recorded case of botulism poisoning occurred in 1735 in Europe. Assumed to be associated with a batch of sausage
drug. So, what is Botox? Botox is the market name for type A botulinum toxin which is a purified form of the toxin produced by the bacteria, clostridium botulinum. This bacteria is commonly associated with food poisoning and is lethal in large doses. The botulism toxin could paralyze vital muscles needed for breathing. Although related to botulism food poisoning, the amounts of Botox given are so minimal and localized, that the toxin will not spread to any other muscles in the body, thus making
Botox Injections Botulinum toxin, also known as “Botox,” is a type of toxin injection used in modern medicine to reduce wrinkles and restore the aging face and body. There are two main types types: A and type B, which are used for treating disorders in the medical field which are available in various brands of botulinum injections including Botox, Xeomin, and Dysport. Skorin, (2004). Since 1989 the FDA approved botulinum injections for the treatment of facial wrinkles (as cited in Harvard Women’s
tricking the scorpion. Tetrodotoxin is a powerful poison found on liver and reproductive organ of some puffer fish. 2. What bird's feathers are poisonous, and what is the toxin contained by the bird? Briefly detail the effects of the toxin? Ans: The feather of Pitohui, colorful New Guinea bird is poisonous and the name of the toxin secretes by this bird is batrachotoxin. The bird secret betrachotoxin to protect from its predators like hunters, snakes, eagle etc. When a person keep the feather of Pitohui
What comes to your mind when you think of Botox? Maybe you imagine a dermatologist sticking needles into someone's cheeks, to make them nice and plump. Yet there's more than meets the eye when it comes to the benefits of Botox. It's more than getting rid of wrinkles and fine lines on the face. Don't believe us? Read on to discover eleven surprising uses for Botox. You may find yourself ready to receive Botox at our Minneapolis spa afterward. Get Acne Under Control Botox is a great way to manage
Nature has many toxins it uses to protect itself against predators. Toxins in nature can either kill humans or can do damage to the body. In the animal and plant kingdom there are toxins deadly to humans, but we have found ways to combat some of them. How do the toxins in nature affect the body and how does man fight back? Many plants are poisonous from poison ivy and poison sumac to flowers used in bouquets such as larkspur and lily of the valley. Plants spread their poisons in different ways
Today, English has so many weird phenomena’s around the usage of certain words. Using a word can mean something completely different within certain community’s. It is also hard to stay up to date with all the slang and culture shifts around our language. For example, the word toxicity has so many different meanings and ways to apply it. I will show people proper and improper ways to use the word. I will also take people through the origin and the gaming community that uses it. Toxicity: the quality
replacements that are much less harmful or toxic. And sixth, and perhaps most discouragingly, many of us knowingly buy and use these chemicals without a moment's hesitation. Do you think you have been dowsed with chemicals (i.e., overly exposed to toxins found in our environment)? Well, how would you know if you were? If you have lived in Illinois for most of your life, you have certainly been dowsed, and the older you are the more exposure you have undergone. In fact, if you have lived anywhere
diseases with these symptoms, many people wait to go to the doctor. Waiting only makes it worse. To treat necrotizing fasciitis, you need to go to have surgery to remove the infected area. You will be given antibiotics first, to slow down the bacterial toxins from decaying tissue faster. Surgery is the best way to ensure that the disease is gone, because having surgery to remove the infected area will completely get rid of the disease. The surgery only works if you see your doctor as soon as you think