Plastics are one of the most versatile of all material and we use them in everyday items such as cars, pens, planes, toothbrushes and the list goes on. But there is a problem, plastics are synthetic and take very long to decompose in landfills so we can’t get rid of them easily. Well, now there is a lot of hype about bio plastics; plastics that are made using corn, potato or other annually renewable sources which are compostable & biodegradable (Glen 2009). Bio-plastics are commonly portrayed as
Presentation on Bioplastics Bioplastics, What are they? * Compostable Plastics -or- * Any plastics-made from organisms (or Organism by-products). * Currently, there is much confusion over the definition of bioplastics Mixture of Acids that could be made into bioplastics Making Bioplastics, Etc. Goal of Bioplastic Production * To Save Resources by either reducing the production of standard Polypropylene plastics by replacing it with a less resource-intensive
new life. The process can occur aerobically (with the aid of oxygen) or anaerobically (without oxygen). Substances break down much faster under aerobic conditions, as oxygen helps break the molecules apart, a process called oxidation.” (Talk). Biodegradation has many factors that determine the rate at which organic compounds breakdown. Degradation can occur in a period of days to centuries depending on what chemicals are in the organic compound and how they react in accordance to nutrition in soil
Oil Pollution in water Petroleum is a naturally occurring mixture of organic chemicals, the most abundant of which are hydrocarbons (Gale, 2014). Petroleum is a natural may exist in gaseous, liquid, or near-solid phases either alone or in combination (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013). The liquid phase is commonly called crude oil, while the more solid phase may be called bitumen, tar, pitch, or asphalt (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013). There are many types of petroleum ranging from gaseous methane
standard methods appropriate to the plastic and the application in a period of time that determines its classification”. This definition can be applied to many polymer degradation types including photodegradation, thermooxidation, hydrolysis and biodegradation. Autooxidation is the cause of thermooxidative degradation of organic materials without light. In natural photodegradation, sunlight reduces the molecular weight of the polymers by photooxidation and direct bond cleavage (Hand Book of Polymer
The waste water is represent of the major sources of pollution to water bodies after being discharged into rivers without proper treatment or partial treatment as it contains toxic organic substances that lead to a decline in natural water and disruption the balance of the environment ,that causes the occurrence of water pollution . Wastewater treatment processes rely on assimilation of microorganisms and enzymatic effectiveness in breakage chains carbon of soluble organic pollutants , as sewage
Peroxidases enzymes are broadly distributed in microorganisms, and animals, where these play specific roles. However they are also present in plants abundantly and have been involved in several biochemical and physiological processes, such as in the protection mechanism in tissues infected and damage physically, participation in lignification process, and in the elimination of toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide which is produced during redox reaction. (Bhatti et al., 2012). Peroxidases contain haem
INTRODUCTION Petroleum hydrocarbons from oil spills threaten marine life worldwide. Animals become coated in the oil and ingest the contaminants while trying to clean themselves. The toxic effects of petroleum often result in death for much of the surrounding life. Bioremediation offers an efficient solution for cleaning up oil spills. The pollutants are biologically degraded by complete mineralization of the organic contaminants, turning the toxic waste into harmless products such as carbon dioxide
Polymer Recycling and Disposal Recycling is the process by which a waste material is converted again into reusable process and disposal is a process by which we get rid of something. Polymers are not very reactive so this property makes them very useable for storing food but this property makes it difficult to recycle or dispose of polymer. This difficulty in recycling and disposing of polymer is a major cause of environment hazard. Since the waste of polymer is increasing day by day so proper measurement
INTRODUCTION I. BACKGROUND A. History of Oil Spills The oil spills accidents started to occur at the beginning of the twentieth century. As figure 1 shows, in the seventies, there were 788 oil spill disasters, which resulted in 3.5 million tonnes of oil to be spilled in the oceans. This quantity dropped to 1.3 million tonnes in 454 accidents in the eighties. In the nineties, it reduced to 0.3 million tonnes of oil was spilled in 179 accidents. In 2014, the total number of oil spills happened is
The North Pacific Garbage Patch The North Pacific Garbage Patch is a disaster because it impacts the planet and humanity in terrible ways. The trash kills wildlife kills over 100,000 sea turtles and mammals annually. Sea creatures such as turtles confuse plastic bags with jellyfish and they eat them by mistake. Because the bags block their digestive tracks, it forces them to float making it impossible for them to dive down and eat the real food. A study done by the EPA showed that fifty percent
There are 1.1 billion tobacco users in the world and it is set to increase to 1.6billion over the next two decades. Addiction to tobacco impacts poverty and development. In poorer countries, up to 30% of income is spent on tobacco, reducing funds available for nutrition, education and healthcare. Every year in the U.S., more than 480,000 people die from tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke, making it the leading cause of preventable death in this country. Some of the major health risks
organic compounds to the anode surface and simultaneously protons (H+) liberate into electrolyte, lead to a negative anode potential. ARB are known only to utilize a few numbers of simple organic electron donors, such as acetate and H2 (7–9). The biodegradation of complex organic substrates in the anode of MFCs, like those present in a domestic wastewater, food processing wastewater, and landfill leachate, must take place through a cascade of reactions under strict anaerobic conditions, resul... .
Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Outdated: Is the World Ready for a New Plastic? Abstract: This paper explains the structure of polymer poly(ethylene terephthalate) also known as PET. It states the properties of the plastic as well recycling methods. My goal was to find out what makes PET the number one plastic, both in consumption as well as the most recycled. I also searched for new polymers that are being created by scientists and compare them to PET to see if there was a plastic out there
Microorganisms started life on Earth billions of years ago. They started the Biosphere from the formation of photosynthesis by bacterial creating an oxygen atmosphere that helped plants and animals to develop. Microbes are usually unicellular and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Without microorganism, nothing would be supported and maintained on Earth in nature and life. Microbes help keep nature’s water and soil clean by removing toxins and degrade organic matter in a form of recycling from
ABSTRACT The dyes & dye intermediate industry consumes large quantity of water & produce large volume of wastewater from different generated steps in dyeing process. The effluents generated are heavily coloured & contain high COD/BOD value. The effluent causes depletion of dissolved oxygen which has an adverse effect on the aquatic ecological system. There are certain physio-chemical, biological & advanced wastewater treatment technologies which are helpful in wastewater treatment of dye industry
soil and our water supply. Even the EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency, says modern landfills pose little to no risk to humans. Modern landfills are built on a thick foundation of clay and plastic liners. Also, the methane gas produced in biodegradation is often...
Bisphenol A otherwise known as BPA is a manmade polymer that could have been found in most plastics until it was tested that BPA mimics estrogen. Bisphenol A was a key ingredient in the development of many polycarbonates such as DVDs, capacitors, some modern bumpers for cars, toys and water bottles. Bisphenol A has one main property that made it stand out from other competitors, it was a clear plastic. [1] This is really important because when adding the “building blocks” to a system, the system
Oil plays a immense and vital role in our society as it is organized today. Oil represents much more than just one of the main energy sources used by mankind. The oil and petroleum industry plays an extremely important role in the economy and politics of our country. Petroleum products, besides being an important energy source, serve as feedstock for several consumer goods, which in turn plays a growing and relevant role in people’s lives. But apart from all pertinent role the oil industry plays
vegetables. The relationship between microorganisms and food with three roles. The first role is pathogenic microorganisms which can cause the infections and intoxications. The second role is saprophytic microorganisms which have a big role in biodegradation and can cause the food spoilage. While the third role is cultured