BENZODIAZEPINES: USE, ABUSE, WITHDRAWAL AND DEPENDENCE INTRODUCTION: Benzodiazepine is considered as a drug with high addictive potential. Dependence develops with long term use of even with therapeutic dose. As benzodiazepines are widely prescribed for various conditions, particularly insomnia and anxiety, therapeutic dose dependence are the largest category of people dependent on benzodiazepine. Benzodiazepines are one of the most prescribed drugs which have abuse potential. There must be special
barbiturates and the benzodiazepines as hypnotics. Discuss the advantages of the benzodiazepines over the barbiturates. There are specific benzodiazepine receptors in the nervous system that mostly surrounds the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and limbic system. Barbiturates have their own binding sites and modulate the chloride channel. They increase the duration of this channel, while benzodiazepines increase the frequency. Also barbiturates are less selective than benzodiazepines on the CNS. Barbiturates
Which Prescription Drugs Are Commonly Abused? According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the three classes of prescription drugs that are often abused include: Opioids used to treat pain Central nervous system (CNS) depressants, such as benzodiazepines (e.g., Xanax, Valium, Ativan, Klonopin), u... ... middle of paper ... ...fe imprisonment. TYPES OF ABUSED PRESCRIPTION DRUGS Prescription drugs that are taken for recreational use include the following major categories: 1. Depressants:
The purpose of this paper is to determine the level of substance abuse in the elderly community. There is concern that as the population ages in the United States, there will be a significant increase in the number of older adults being treated for substance abuse problems. This paper seeks to understand the issues and concerns that are consequently involved with substance abuse among the elderly. There is no doubt that there is a prevalence of substance abuse throughout several age groups. To
Date Rape,” by Erica Weir, Rohypnol is not a legal drug in the United States or Canada but it is legal in 62 countries in Europe, Africa, Latin American and the Middle East. It is one of the most commonly used sleeping pill or anti-anxiety drug (Benzodiazepine) in these countries. People can get Rohypnol by prescription. Its main function is to depress the central nervous system. Rohypnol is given t some patients before surgeries because it lowers blood pressure and that reduces bleeding. A pharmaceutical
The use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs during adolescence and early adulthood remains a serious health problem in the United States. Among the drug classes, alcohol is the most frequently used substance by adolescents and that is followed by marijuana and tobacco. The consequences of alcohol and drug abuse are critical on both a personal and social level. For the developing young adult drug and alcohol abuse threatens motivation, hinders the cognitive processes, increases the risk of accidental
was first marketed under the brand name Valium. It is a benzodiazepine class drug. Contents [hide] 1 Pharmacology 1.1 Mechanism of Action 1.2 Pharmacokinetics 1.2.1 Absorption 1.2.2 Distribution 1.2.3 Metabolism 1.2.4 Elimination 1.3 Chemistry 2 Indications 3 Cautions 4 Contraindications 5 Side Effects 5.1 Common Side Effects 5.2 Less Common Side Effects 6 Legal Status 7 Page data [edit] Pharmacology [edit] Mechanism of Action Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, achieves its pharmacodynamic effects
Drugs have been used to aide in sleep for years and years. There are many types of drugs that people use; opting between non-traditional medications such as herbs and vitamins while others opt for the traditional approach in using prescription drugs. This paper will inform and analyze the drug Zolpidem. Zolpidem is used in the treatment of insomnia. Insomnia is often considered to be a prolonged difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep. This paper will outline the background of Zolpidem;
Depressants Depressants also called downers are a drug which slow down the central nervous system.Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines, Alcohol, Heroin, and Marijuna. Depressants cna be smoked, swallowed, and injected. Short term effects are slurred speech, drowsiness, low blood pressure, ect. Long term effects are addiction, sleep problems, death. Withdrawal symptoms are insomnia nausea and weekness. Tolerance can develop very quickly and then addiction. Barbiturates are one of many deoressants. Medically
Valium (Diazepam) is an anti anxiety association (benzodiazepine), used basically for transient alleviation of moderate to sensible uneasiness. Data innovation would likely likewise be used to mend signs and manifestations of great fermented drinks drink appropriations, to aid control epilepsy, or to simplicity ligament fits. Valium is a long-acting dental forethought and parenteral benzodiazepine. Valium is much the same to chlordiazepoxide and clorazepate in that every one of the three handle
activity and slow down body functions, in order to decrease or alleviate anxiety, induce sleep and relieve stress (Depressants). Alcohol being one of the most popular agents, it produces depression in the central nervous system. Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines are the two groups of depressants. These two groups have taken over the market legally and illegally for a very long time. Paraldehyde and Chloral Hydrate are two old pharmaceutical depressants that are also referred as sedatives, downers, anti-anxiety
Rohypnol is a very strong benzodiazepine. It is ten times more powerful then any other benzodiazepine valium, the effects are felt very fast by any user. The drug usually works on the body for up to eighteen hours or (sometimes longer). Also during that time the user will feel many symptoms and some are: Drowsiness, disoriented, and they can loss consciousness. Most people when they take Rohypnol will suffer from a form of amnesia that prohibits memory formation for as long as they have the drug
to induce GABA receptors on their own. Today, some long acting barbiturates such as phenobarbital are still used in both human and veterinary medicine. Today, there are safer and more effective drugs such as benzodiazepines that have replaced the use of barbiturates. 4. Both benzodiazepines and alcohol effectively suppress neuronal excitability in the CNS through the GABA receptor. Alcohol also has the ability to suppress the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate at the NDMA receptor. This drug
Physical reliance can radiate from the low-does remedial utilization of specific pharmaceuticals, for instance, the opioids, benzodiazepines, and antidepressants. A portion of the prescient and intensified physical connections might be thus of the higher use of the dosage, the length of utilization and the prior age utilize. This prompts more serious withdrawal side effects. (Peele
Coping with Stress Introduction Remember:stress is a normal part of life - it is only a problem when it causes long-term disruption or illness. Normal stress levels can energise and motivate us, directing our behaviour in useful ways. However, in most modern lifestyles, the pressures on people are immense and most people find themselves having to find ways of coping with stressful situations in their everyday lives. The two major components of stress shown in the diagram above, suggest
There are many different types of addictive drugs. The text referred to six different categories of drugs based on their affects to the human brain, their overall tendency for abuse, how addictive they generally are, and how dangerously lethal they can be. The text defines them as psychostimulants, sedatives, and hallucinogens. The psychostimulants give an increased feeling of alertness that is often contrasted with the tranquilizing and depressive effects of the sedative-hypnotics. The hallucinogens
Cortisol hormone is a vital body function. It is created by the adrenal glands, which is located in close proximity to the kidneys. It functions as a stress responder. It assists our system by regulating blood pressure, slowing the immune system, and normalizing the metabolism of nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrate and fats. Excessive increase may cause illnesses such as hypertension, and panic disorders. Conventional and natural remedies are effective in treating this condition. Natural remedies
Belsomra (suvorexant) is an FDA-approved, prescription medication intended for people who have trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, such as those who are diagnosed with insomnia. In 2015 the company, Merck & Co., created a television ad promoting their medication. In the ad there are animals being portrayed as sleep and wake. Wake, the dog, is constantly waking up Sleep, the cat, throughout the night which causes the owner to wake up as well. This is a representation of what happens when someone
Abstract Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) has become a genuine phenomenon and can be problematic for the patient and the staff caring for them. Delirium occurs when a patient is placed in an unfamiliar environment and has to endure the stress of not just the hospitalization but the stimuli of the environment, which can cause disturbances in consciousness. Patients can become confused, anxious, and agitated; making this difficult for the staff to correctly diagnosis and care for them. Sleep
Insomnia is a sleep disorder that can be not being able to fall asleep or not being able to stay asleep. About 60 million people are affected by insomnia every year in adults and in children. Insomnia can be acute or chronic. Acute insomnia can last a few weeks or just one night. Insomnia is defined as chronic when a person can’t sleep at least three nights a week for a month period or longer. Some causes of acute insomnia can include: stress, illness, physical or emotional discomfort, and when