Chapter 3 OPTIMIZATION 3.1 Introduction Optimization is a chronic and natural process usually witnessed in our daily life events. In various disciplines such as engineering designs, manufacturing systems, agricultural sciences, physical sciences, economics, pattern recognition etc. optimization is observed. Optimization is, thus a process of making best, effective and functional solution out of possible choices no way differs from the structural optimization which is being conceived in the present
In this analogy for the mind, Hofstadter describes a sophisticated intelligent ant colony composed of automaton ants. It is the way in which these imbecile insects are organized and the way in which they can carry and transmit information on the most basic level which allows for the emergent intelligence and unpredictability of the colony herself. Ants organize themselves into teams due to evolutionary mechanisms of common interest, when there is some environmental
As an example an ant colony foraging in which all agents (ants) interact as a self-organised system knowing their individual roles. Individually ants are unable to solve complex problems which they may face whereas colonies collectively can solve complex problems such as identifying the nearest source of food. Swarm intelligence results in actions that are coordinated without any coordinator or external controller. Natural systems exhibiting swarm intelligence is a colony of ants similar to a flock
Introduction Ants are excellent at finding new sources of food. They have to be in order to find enough food to feed the whole colony. Worker ants randomly explore a new site until they find something that can be consumed (Deneubourg 1990). A chemical trail is then laid down by the pioneer ant to recruit other ants from the nest to the site of the food (Deneubourg 1990). There are three types of recruitment: tandem recruitment, mass recruitment and group recruitment (Beckers et al. 1989). Both mass
Nepotism in American Business and Politics During the November 2000 presidential elections, two children tried to make daddy proud. First there was Albert Gore Jr. – the son of a powerful and respected senator of Tennessee – who was no stranger to politics and privilege. As a child he attended the prestigious St. Alban’s School and while growing up, it was common to see then Vice President Richard Nixon as a guest at the family dinner table. Then there was George W. Bush – a third-generation
The Observation of Ants Introduction Myrmecology has been around since the late 18th and early 19th century. Myrmecology is derived from the Greek word Murmek, which means ant. There are three main names that are most noteworthy: Linne who produced “Systemae Naturae” which he describes eighteen species of ants. Fabricius created five more genera and further described other species. Latreille was the most significant, he collected and studied the ants of Europe and described many species overlooked
Rise of the Argentine Ant Introduced Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) are rapidly displacing native ant species around the world as a result of: (1) aggression by frequently raiding, immobilizing and killing native ants, (2) less intraspecific competition due to genetic homogeneity, (3) competitive exclusion using large numbers, quick location and rapid recruitment, (4) and the absence of natural ant and parasitoid enemies. Native to Argentina, L. humile has been quickly spreading throughout
many, “an ant on a tablecloth…” Then the ant bumps into a day drowsy moth that is much larger than him. The ant seems a tad bit jealous that the moth lacks the amount of responsibility that ants are burdened with. The ant thinks that if the moth were one of his own race he’d chastise him and send him back to work. He describes how the ant society is much more sophisticated and intellectual than the likes of the moth. Their philosophy is to learn about religion, nature, and space. The ant then being
WHAT ARE THESE? Ants are eusocial insects, i.e. They have the highest level of organization of animal sociality, belonging from the family Formicidae and, like the wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera, the third largest order of insects. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the mid-Cretaceous period between 110 and 130 million years ago and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. What
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 BRIEF INTRODUCTION Grid computing is defining the combination of computer resources from many numbers of administrative domains to reach the existing goal. The grids have heterogeneity and geographic disreputability in its resources. Grids can solve grand challenge applications using the Computer Modeling, Simulation and Analysis. Grids can be available in the form of distributed computing and differs from the other architectures like as a cluster. Grid computing can overcome
plan and forecast optimal energy dispatch. Hence the concept is the optimal selection of the generating units in such an economic manner that the total cost of supplying the dynamic requirements of the system is minimized. The ELD problem is an optimization problem that determines the power output of each online generator that will result in a least cost system operating state. Minimize f(x)
My immediate degree objective to carry out MS in Computer Science with major in Software Engineering to expand the horizon of my education that I gathered from undergraduate level and to utilize the experience gained from professional exposure. I wish to follow it up with a PhD degree to pursue my career in research and experience the excitement and satisfaction of being at the forefront of this field. My strong interest, for learning new ideas with my inner desire to reach a degree of excellence
1. INTRODUCTION Optimization, in simple terms, means minimize the cost incurred and maximize the profit such as resource utilization. EAs are population based metaheuristic (means optimize problem by iteratively trying to improve the solution with regards to the given measure of quality) optimization algorithms that often perform well on approximating solutions to all types of problem because they do not make any assumptions about the underlying evaluation of the fitness function. There are many
and Sapan Namdev [4] Over a year many research had solved construction optimization problems. The techniques used by them varied in nature between mathematical techniques or conventional techniques to heuristic techniques. Over a past 20 years researchers had emphasized on Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) to solve construction optimization problems. Different Evolutionary Algorithms techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Ant colony method etc, had been used by many researchers to optimize the time-cost
The paper presents a bio inspired computing technique of Swarm Intelligence known as the Ant Colony Optimization Technique to predict software reliability. The proposed method is employed into a TSP problem with different failure data sets to predict software reliability and the results of our approach are reported. And, thus, the focus of the discussion to be presented here is an ACO for discrete optimization that has been used to predict software reliability using the Travelling Sales Person Problem
Decentralized Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay networks are distributed systems in nature, without any hierarchical organization or centralized control. They are typically divided in two main classes: structured and unstructured [39]. Structured P2P overlay network have tightly controlled topologies and content is placed at specified locations to efficiently solve queries. Some well-known examples are Content Addressable Network (CAN) [44], Chord [15] and Pastry [45]. Such overlays use a Distributed Hash