Evidence of the Celts first came about 400 BCE from Northern Italy. More evidence or encounters were found during the young Roman Empire. Many of the accounts we hear of them come from Greek and Roman writers, such as Julius Caesar and Diodorus. There were various tribes to this group, many of them called Galli by the Romans and Galataoir Keltoi by the Greeks, these terms meant Barbarian. The Greek word Keltoi was what Celts came from, this is the reason the C is pronounced as a K. As languages went
Over the years, literature of ancient Greece and Rome has affected art, religion, philosophy, science and mathematics, medicine, drama, and poetry profoundly. It has served as a basic model for the development of later European literatures and, consequently, the writings of the historians, geographers, philosophers, scientists, and rhetoricians are read today as sources of historical information and enjoyment. Alfred Whitehead, the famous British philosopher-mathematician, once commented that: “[A]ll
SPAIN Geography Roughly 85% of the present day Iberian Peninsula is occupied by Spain as Portugal covers the remaining western territory. Discovered by the ancient Greeks around 500 BC, Iberian Peninsula was the name given to the area not described by a single political entity of specific population. Mostly surrounded by water, the eastern coastline of the Peninsula is over 2,059 mi bordering the Mediterranean and 1,653 mi on its west end on the Atlantic ocean. History The oldest remains of human
Modern American culture thrives on the ancient religions of the Greeks and Romans. The Hellenistic myths are kept alive today in the popular culture of the western world. Yet little is commonly known of the religions and myths of the ancient people just to the north of the Romans; the Celts (7). The Celtic region spanned the British Isles, and the north western portion of the European continent from prehistoric times until the Roman invasion in the first century where the region shrunk to Ireland
Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian Settlement at Cottam Excavation of the Anglian and Anglo-Scandinavian settlement at Cottam B (NGR 49754667) continued in July 1995, directed by Dr J.D. Richards for the Department of Archaeology, University of York. Work focused on a possible 10th-century settlement focus, c.200m NE of the 8th/9th-century site investigated in 1993. Two Norse bells, a 10th-century spearhead and a Jellinge-style brooch had been recovered from this area by metal-detector users, and
One of the most important inventions of all time was the invention of gunpowder. “Imagine their enemy's surprise when the Chinese first demonstrated their newest invention in the eighth century AD. Chinese scientists discovered that an explosive mixture could be produced by combining sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). The military applications were clear. New weapons were rapidly developed, including rockets and others that were launched from a bamboo tube” (Franklin Institute)
The mysteries of Stonehenge on the Salisbury Plains of England have perplexed human-kind since the beginning of recorded history. Some of the stones weighing as much as 40 tons were said to be transferred from Wales, which was a distance of about 137 miles. With the use of radiocarbon analysis at the site of Stonehenge it has been determined that the monument was built between 3000 and 1500 BC. The original purpose of Stonehenge has been lost in the pages of time, and therefore has been a major
1. “Bronze statuette of Aphrodite” Date: late 2nd or 1st century B.C. Culture: Greece This statue of Aphrodite shows the dedication the Greeks had to their gods. The bronze goddess, holding her right arm in the air, gives off a powerful attitude. As the pose itself of the statue is not bland and more active, it gives the impression that this was created during the classical period of Greece when sculpture began having more relaxed, natural poses. The lack of more painstaking muscle and bone structure
Artistic Motifs • The Hejia Village Hoard (found near Chang’an) includes vessels with bases in the Sassanian style, a small bowl with lions, ribbon-carrying birds, and pearls (Iranian motifs), a silver cup with a shape suggesting a Sogdian vessel and Western faces, a cup with an eight-lobed shape, a pearl border, and alternating hunters on horseback (Sassanian) and Chinese women with instruments. Some of these vessels are believed to be foreign-made while other are believed to have been made in China
Philippi: A City of Immeasurable Significance Philippi is a city rich in ancient history, and is possibly the most important archeological site of the great plain of eastern Macedonia.? The ancient town has seen the fate of the West played out within its borders on several occasions and majestic ruins left from the town?s extraordinary history testify to the great civilizations that have inhabited the region.? Philippi is most famous for two reasons: it was the scene of one of the most decisive
emperor Augustus, Dionysius of Halicarnaso claimed that they were indigenous inhabitants. The "question Etrusca" remains open, but the key to understanding of this village is not its provenance, but its formation. Seated at the beginning of the first millennium BC in the vast territory of the central Italy Tirrena delimited by the rivers Arno and Tiber, very rich in natural resources, the Etruscans came to occupy, at the time of maximum expansion, large areas of the valley of the Po, up to the Adriatic
“What gave rise to urbanisation in the Mediterranean region?” What is urbanisation? To ‘urbanise’ is to ‘make (a rural area) more industrialized and urban’ , urban meaning ‘of or living in a city or town’ . Marja C.V. Vink argues that “The word urbanization was used for the first time in Spain a little more than one hundred years ago” to show the “quantitative and qualitative growth if cities” . The degree of urbanisation is quite different when comparing towns or cities of antiquity to the modern
Enoch), and the Secret of Enoch (2 Enoch) . A majority of the Book of Enoch was written during the Maccabean revolt, but some scholars state that the latter half of the Book can be dated as early as 1st century BC. 2 Enoch, like 3 Enoch is also tough to date, but it can be dated around the end of the 1st century BC, due to the language it is written in . From the knowledge available on these texts, we are able to date when this text was written, as well as which communities used this text. It is
The Coup de Grace The short film, The Coup de Grace is a realistic war movie that illustrates the casualties of war. This film does not glorifies war, instead it gives a very realistic view of its aftermath. One of the many artistic techniques use in this movie is the illusion of action which is achieved by the quick movement of the camera. For example, the Captain at the beginning of his search is stationary and facing forward for a long time. As he is facing forward, the background is in motion
After a millennium of conflict and war—what chance of a millennium of peace? Some ten millennia ago civilization emerged in the Middle East, as the people of that area learned to till the earth and grow crops, thus opening the way to the ownership of land and the accumulation of wealth, and also to population growth and urban settlement. This new way of life created the potential for conflicts between towns and states and, later, between empires. This civilization brought warfare in its train. While
The Trinovantes’ earliest interaction with Rome occurs during Julius Caesar’s British campaign in 55 B.C. During his campaign, Caesar’s protection is requested by Mandubracius, the young son of the deceased Trinovantian king, Imanuentius. In his account, Caesar brings the Trinovantes under his protection—only after they agree to his terms—and describes the tribe as “almost the most powerful state of those parts” (Caesar 5.20, De Bello Gallico). It can be inferred from this passage that the Trinovantes
exploration in the next century. According to NASA’s New Millennium Program home page, last updated on September 16,1999, NASA’s current project of Deep Space 1 demonstrates some of their most exotic technologies. One of the most impressive is the testing of an ion engine that is supposed to be 10 times more efficient than liquid or solid rocket engines. Deep Space 1 was launched on October 24, 1998. It is the first mission under NASA’s New Millennium Program, which features flight testing of new technology
"Celebrating the Galactic Millennium", Astronomy November 2001) Not too long ago, we were looking forward to the New Millennium. To many of us, this was an important event of our lives. On a larger scale, however, the New Millennium looks insignificant. "If we adopt an astronomical perspective, however, a much larger and more distant celebration remains on the schedule-the Galactic Millennium," write Greg Laughlin and Fred Adam in their article Celebrating the Galactic Millennium. Laughlin and Adam
The Structure of the Millennium Bridge Introduction In June 2002 the Millennium Bridge was opened to the public. This was going to be an extraordinary day for engineers as new designs and structures had to be used to keep to the specifications of the job. Although with most bridge structures there is always a degree in movement, the Millennium Bridge had large groups crossing the bridge at one moment in time, this then caused a greater than expected sideways movement. This made people
Millennium Force The ear piercing noises that I heard reminded me of hearing Jamie Lee Curtis shriek at the sign of Michael Myers in Halloween. I quickly realized that I was not in the theatre, but rather in the midst of the world’s largest theme park, standing next to the tallest rollercoaster ever constructed. As I made sure that my jaw was still attached and not scraping the ground, I stared with awe at this massive tangled array of steel which brought together the Millennium Force. Heard about