The infrastructure of an intercollegiate and interscholastic athletic program is vital to attract potential student-athlete. To train them to be the best they can be, and allow to be in a haven where they can focus on important tasks that are ahead of them. From luxurious locker rooms, to outfitted weight rooms, and even to the basic shower stalls, athletic fieldhouses and team centers are expanding and getting bigger and better each year. Sometimes it cannot be all about football and men’s basketball at universities, or even just the male sports. There must be that equal access of facilities by both genders to comply with the policies of Title IX. When President Richard Nixon signed the Title IX of the Education Amendments in 1972, it said “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation, in be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance” (“Title IX Legal Manual”). Athletic administrators have to be careful when it comes to facility design and usage, as a simple denial by a coach or facility manager can lead to an equity issue if nothing is handled the right way.
In municipal school districts, tackling the issue of Title IX compliance can come at a price, because of the funds that must be acquired to upgrade fields and install new components to a locker room or other facility aspect. For high school sports, budgets developed by athletic directors can only go so far, so this is where parents step in to help foot the bill if funds come up short. In 1997, a parent booster club for the Merritt Island High School baseball team in Florida gave significant infrastructural upgrades to the baseball fie...
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Pennington, B. (2004, June 29). HIGH SCHOOL SPORTS; Title IX Trickles Down To Girls of Generation Z. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2004/06/29/ sports/high-school-sports-title-ix-trickles-down-to-girls-of-generation-z.html
Wolohan, J. T. (2009, April). Title IX Cases Warn Administrators to Address Facilities Disparities. Athletic Business. Retrieved from http://www.athleticbusiness.com/rules- regulations/title-ix-cases-warn-administrators-to-address-facilities-disparities.html
Writer, P. L. | S. S. (2012, June 23). New Hanover schools grappling with Title IX compliance. StarNewsVarsity.com. Retrieved March 23, 2014, from http://www.starnewsvarsity.com/ news/article/35674/new-hanover-schools-grappling-with-title-ix-compliance/
Over two decades have passed since the enactment of Title IX, a federal law prohibiting sex discrimination in federally funded education, including athletics. As a result of Title IX, women and girls have benefited from more athletic participation opportunities and more equitable facilities. Because of Title IX, more women have received athletic scholarships and thus opportunities for higher education that some may not have been able to afford otherwise. In addition, because of Title IX the salaries of coaches for women's teams have increased. Despite the obstacles women face in athletics, many women have led and are leading the way to gender equity.
Title IX is a law that was made by the NCAA in 1972, that states that there can be no discrimination or exclusion of a gender through athletics or education. (Mankiller). Which means that men's sports cannot be favored over women's sports. Many people are very cognizant of this law. For example, if a school has $100,000, the school must spend the money equally between the athletics of each gender, even if there are more men's sports teams. They must get the same treatment. That may sound great, but Title IX has impacted men's athletics significantly. Although Title IX has been a valuable way to establish gender equality, the NCAA loses money, puts men out of scholarships, abolishes smaller men’s sports teams, and it should be
Today many Athletic Directors do a good job of administering the Title IX programs and arguably almost no athlete today even knows that there was ever a time when women’s sports were not a fabric of the school and that the female athletes were supported by the student bodies as evidenced by sold out arenas for such women’s basketball programs as UConn, Tennessee, and Stanford.
Title IX and the Education Amendments of 1972 were created to defend equal opportunities for women of all ages. Since its inception 44 years ago, women have seen impressive strides as well as disappointing failures. Social prejudice continues to exist limiting female participation opportunities, benefits for female athletes, coaching opportunities, and increased exposure to sexual assault and abuse. Few institutions treat female athletes equally due to the lack of enforcement by collegiate athletic departments. The enforcement of Title IX has not been a priority among far too many educational institutions leaving women open to discrimination and mistreatment.
Since the 1972 conception of Title IX of the Education Amendments, the number of women participating in intercollegiate athletics has increased five-fold, from fewer than 30,000, to more 150,000 in 2001. However, more than 400 men’s athletics teams have been dismantled since Title IX, the law forbidding sex discrimination at institutions receiving federal funds, became law. Some would say this is due, in part, to Title IX enforcement standards like proportionality. Proportionality requires that an institution’s athletic population must be of an equal ratio to its general student body. Among some of the 400-plus teams dismantled by Title IX are several former Colorado State University teams including wrestling, baseball, gymnastics, men’s swimming and diving, and men’s tennis. CSU student athletes no longer sport the opportunity of participating in these activities at the NCAA Division I level, and the days of the student body rooting for their ram teams are gone, possibly forever. Now the search is on to find a solution to the problems associated with Title IX if, indeed, a solution is ultimately necessary.
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 states that, “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.” (“Title IX and Sex Discrimination”) Title IX protects people from discrimination based on sex in education programs or activities which receive Federal financial assistance. This had a significant impact on women’s sports on all levels. “These programs and activities may include, but are not limited to: admissions, recruitment, financial aid, academic programs, student treatment and services, counseling and guidance, discipline, classroom assignment, grading, vocational education, recreation, physical education, athletics, housing and employment.” (“Title IX and Sex Discrimination”) If any person wants to file a complaint of an alleged discrimination, they must go to the Office for Civil Right within 180 days of the incident.
Throughout the late 1900’s, Title IX had an effect on both men’s and women’s sports. Before Title IX, girls were often discriminated in sports and education. Girls were not given fair treatment because they were thought of as weak. Men were given more privileges in sports. Some people think that Title IX has ruined men’s sports. The creation of Title IX was to reduce gender discrimination in sports and education. After Title IX, women were given more respect in sports and education. Women have grown both academically and athletically. Title IX has had effect’s on both women’s and men’s sports and education.
The enactment of this Title has significantly changed the playing field for athletic departments through out the nation by altering their funding systems to comply with its rules. As a result, women have benefited greatly. There have been additions of female sports as well as an increase of the number of scholarships awarded to female athletes, and also a lot more funding to provide more “equitable” facilities for them. According to the NCAA Gender Equity Studies , “from 1992 to 1997 NCAA institutions have increased the number of female athletes by 5,800. But tragically during that time these colleges also eliminated 20,900 male athletes.” (Kocher p.1) This dramatic landslide has occurred because athletic departments are under pressure to rapidly increase the proportion of female athletes by whatever means necessary. As the path toward complete “equality” gradually brightens for women in college athletics, a dark path is now becoming evident. Male athletes, in a sense, are now being discriminated against because of Title IX.
College sports has become like a job with players getting paid in scholarships, and the coach being the boss. The players must do what the coaches tell them to, and that is not always the best thing because coaches will do whatever it takes to win and earn money, even encouraging the use of drugs (Peck 36). Sometimes when coaches want players to come to their schools, they will give them preferential treatment and benefits while they participate in college sports regardless of NCAA rules (Saffici and Pellegrino 1 of 6). There is no doubt that college athletics are changing and becoming a big business, so the rules associated with how student-athletes are treated must change too (Saffici and Pellegrino 1 of 6).
Since 1972, sports have slowly undergone major changes that prove well today. Title IX has helped girls and women have more of an advantage on the athletic fields. “The Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 says that no person in the United States, based on gender, can be excluded from participating, denied benefits of, or subjected to discrimination under any educational program.” (Athletics). It allows for both men and women to play sports whether it is a girl on the football or wrestling team, a boy cheerleading, or even gymnastics. Title IX builds confidence, has helped women have a chance in sports, and has equal opportunities for both sexes.
Great inequalities in the educational system between the sexes have occurred for many years and still occur today. Efforts have been made to rectify this disparity, but the one that has made the most difference is Title IX. Passed in 1972, Title IX attempted to correct the gender discrimination in educational systems receiving public funding. The greatest correction it made was in the area of athletics, but social justice of Title IX applies to many other areas as well. Title IX has an effect on women who are not athletes in many ways, including quality of education, receptivity to education, empowerment and creation of ideals.
Claussen, Cathryn L. "Female sport participation in America: the effectiveness of Title IX after 35 years." The International Sports Law Journal 3-4 (July-Oct 2007)
Title IX legislation, passed in 1972, expanded the rights of an individual in ed ucational opportunities. It equalized academic prospects for individuals by ensuring that males and females must have equal access to educational possibilities. Title IX is traditionally attributed to the growth of athletic programs for women by demanding that programs for women are given the same amount of money and attention as men's teams. However, Title IX has dealt with a plethora of equality issues in education that have been overshadowed, for the most part, by the legislation's impressive impact on women in sports.
To Deborah Brake, Title IX caused a problem in school sports. This federal law Prohibits discrimination based off a persons sex. She discussed how to equalize school sports considering the physical differences in males and females. There are two different viewpoints on this issue. Some people simply think there can be gender integrated sports while others think gender segregated sports are better.
Gender inequality in the United States is a serious problem, and it is often overlooked. It is a big issue, especially within sports. We live in a society where our culture prefers men 's sports over women 's. Labeling activities as feminine and masculine is a social construction based on stereotyped expectations regarding gender and perceived gender differences (McCullick, 2012). In 1972 Title IX was passed stating that, no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance. This opened up athletics to women and girls (Education Amendment Act of 1972, 1972). Although