Norway is a country that has tax laws that have been implemented on the companies that extract oil from their land. Norway uses a government based oil company called Statoil, alongside other companies, to extract the resource. They retain sixty-seven percent shares of that company and the rest are publicly owned. This company benefits Norway as a whole country. Norway owns shares in other companies bringing their total to about eighty percent of all oil in Norway. So why have taxes not been implemented on the oil companies in Canada to benefit Canada as a nation, instead of sole individuals, companies and foreigners.
The first request to explore the continental shelf in The North Sea was sent to the Norwegian Government by Philips Petroleum in October of 1962. He offered one hundred and sixty thousand dollars per month for the exclusive rights to the exploration and development of Norwegian territory and the Norwegian Continental Shelf. For the Norwegian authorities they saw this as an attempt to bribe and disclosed that if the shelf were to be explored it would be open to many companies not just one.
In 1963 the Norwegian Government proclaimed sovereignty over the Norwegian Continental Shelf in the North Sea and said that the state owns any natural resources within the shelf. The Government was the only one allowed to grant licenses for exploration and production. 1963 was the first year that the shelf was to be explored but no drilling was allowed.
In 1965 the official borders of the North Continental Shelf were divided between, Great Britain, Denmark and Norway.
“First licensing round was announced on 13 April 1965. 22 production licenses for a total of 78 blocks were awarded to oil companies or groups of companies. The prod...
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...Whys-Alberta-in-Hock/ http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/fin/Selected-topics/taxes-and-duties/Act-of-13-June-1975-No-35-relating-to-th.html?id=497635 http://thetyee.ca/Opinion/2013/06/04/Oil-Sands-Tax/ http://www.thestar.com/opinion/editorials/2013/01/16/alberta_should_learn_from_norway_on_managing_oil.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statoil http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/oed/Subject/oil-and-gas/norways-oil-history-in-5-minutes.html?id=440538 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leduc_No._1#CITEREFMacGregor1972 http://www.statoil.com/en/About/History/Pages/default3.aspx http://www.statoil.com/en/environmentsociety/sustainabilityapproach/pages/climatechange.aspx http://www.vancouverobserver.com/blogs/climatesnapshot/climate-pollution-140-nations-vs-albertas-tar-sands http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Norway
http://www.goodreads.com/author/quotes/367338.Nelson_Mandela
Imperial Oil ltd. Limited (Esso) is a Canadian public corporation that produces crude oil and natural gas. Currently the headquarters are based out of Calgary, Alberta employing over 5000 people, with Exxon Mobil owning 69.6 percent of the company. Imperial Oil ltd. was previously located in Toronto and has recently moved all main facilities over to the Calgary, Alberta headquarters.1 Esso was incorporated in London, ON in 1880 and became a land mark in the development of crude oil and natural gases.1 Its retail business consists of service stations and "On the Run Express and Tiger Express-brand" convenience stores. Esso also owns a 25% portion of Syncrude, which are the world’s largest oil sands.1
A complex collection of more than 1800 separate islands forms the Canadian Archipelago and Canada’s Arctic territory. 1 Within recent history the arctic has gained popular attention from governments both domestically and internationally. The rise in global climate temperatures accounts for longer, ice free Arctic summers, higher levels of resource exploration and development, and less challenges to access in the Arctic. Canadian sovereignty over Arctic lands and islands is undisputed with the single exception of Hans Island, a 1.3 square kilometer island claimed by Denmark.2 Currently what is disputed is the Canadian assertion of sovereignty over the Northwest Passage waterway. The passage which would facilitate international shipping through the sovereign Canadian archipelago island system, links the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. Its widest and deepest course would take the Northwest passage from “Lancaster Sound through Barrow Straight into Viscount Melville Sound an onwards through M’Clure Straight and into the Beaufort Sea.”3 Historically Arctic ice made this route impossible to cross, but rising temperatures are changing that. The government of Canada believes that the Northwest Passage is situated within internal Canadian waterers, thereby falling under Canadian sovereign jurisdiction, subject to Canadian domestic laws. With the possibility of the passage becoming a international shipping rout, many countries including the United States do not agree with this claim. They suggest the Northwest passage should be an international straight subject to the International Law and the doctrine of transit passage.4
...sts Today by modern Scandinavians. This contact extended with the Thule people (Eskimos / Inuits) across the North where the Norse traveled all the way to the New World, which the Norse referred to as Vinland.
Vikings’ settling down in Iceland and Greenland were important reflection of Viking expansion and they caused Viking civilization to extend on these two islands. Vikings were people from Scandinavia. For many reasons, such as the authoritarian policies of Harald Fairhair (Paine, 2013), the geographical features that lacking of lands for agriculture but having abundant trees for shipbuilding, Vikings were forced to expand into the sea. The two locations’ providing Vikings with lands undoubtedly provided them more chances for surviving.
During 1850’s Russia was very low on money and needed to sell land in order to get some money back. Russia first offered in 1859, but we were in the middle of a war so we didn’t want it. In 1867, Russia offered again and we accepted shortly after. Alaska was bought for 7.2 million dollars, that’s about two cents per ac...
In the 1950s the Newfoundland Grand Banks was home to a plentitude of cod; early European explorers
The colonization of Greenland by Denmark was unusual as due to the political structure of Greenland, which consisted of no unified structure of power that spanned wider than individual households, as such there was no one to contend with Denmark when the seized power in the 18th century in an attempt to compete with Dutch tradesmen and whalers, the colonization of Greenland included 70-80 miles beyond the coast, thereby allowing Denmark to monopolize trade and fishing rights. Due the historical context the colonization of Greenland was peaceful with no military action being taken. The National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen has a permanent Arctic exhibition and Ethnographic treasure collection that reflects Greenland's standing and past with Denmark. A text panel immediately upon entry to the exhibitions states “Danish expeditions, missionaries and merchants rediscovered Greenland in the 17th century” , this appears to be the attitude of Denmark towards the colonization of Greenland, due to the combination of the peaceful nature of colonization and the previous Norse settlements in Greenland during medieval ages and as such has been regarded as Danish-Norwegian territory since 1260 AD.
The Scottish National Party (SNP) was founded In 1934 and In 1960 was found oil in the North Sea, what changed the Scottish public opinion about the Union as the main cause to join it was economical; having oil would suppose economical independence from England.
The Standard Oil Trust of Ohio was and American oil producing, refining, and transporting company. It was founded in 1863 by John D. Rockefeller and lasted until 1911. During 1868, Rockefeller expanded the oil company to become the largest oil refining company in the world. In 1870, the company was renamed Standard Oil Company. After it was renamed, Rockefeller purchased most of the oil companies that were currently in business to make one large company.
In the 1870’s, J. D. Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company was established as a monopoly in the petroleum refining industry in the United States. How he managed to achieve this has always been an economic puzzle because the refining industry, at that time, had many small firms. Moreover, there were minimal barriers to entry into the industry. By 1879, Rockefeller was in control of more than 90 percent of the US’s refining capacity and “maintained a dominant share of refining, in spite of the fact that entry into refining remained easy” (Granitz and Klein 1996, p. 2). Over time, there have been many efforts to explain the Company’s growth; the most sophisticated economic discussion of the monopoly creation is by Elizabeth Granitz and Benjamin Klein in their 1996 article. In 2012, George Priest from Yale University offered an alternative theory for the success of Standard’s refining monopoly. This paper will provide a critical summary of the key issues raised in both the articles.
Royal Dutch Petroleum. In the 1930’s Shell started exploring for oil in Africa. It was not
I will be presenting the first affirmative of today’s debate. The United Stated federal government should substantially increase its non-military exploration and/or development of the Earth’s oceans. Before I go further I would like to define the key terms of today’s debate. The United States federal government is defined as the system of government in the Constitution which is based on the separation of powers among three branches: the executive, the legislative and the judicial. The ocean is defined as the whole body of salt water that covers nearly three fourths of the surface of the earth. To increase means to become larger in amount or number. Nonmilitary means not belonging to, characteristic of, or involving the armed forces. Exploration
The Debate Over the Idea of Drilling for Oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Norway is one of the “three fingers” of Scandinavia, and is just larger than New Mexico. It covers 125,181 square miles. It is located in Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. The coastline stretches 21,925 km. The population of Norway is 4.3 million and growing. The population is predominantly or Nordic (Scandinavian) decent. There is also a small minority (20,000) of native Sámis (Laplanders), who live mostly in the North. Many aspects of business and management in Norway are very similar to those of America including language and communication, power structures/politics, work ethics, food and eating habits, dress, and religious beliefs.
The largest world supplier oil company is Saudi Aramco. It is the most profitable company on the earth. Since it is the most powerful oil company, it has a great impact on the world economy. As a result, a strong international relationship was built with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the strong developing of international relationship with other industrial countries resulted in massive contributions to the politics, economy, and many different aspects. In 1933, Saudi government bestowed oil concession to California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Chevron). The main factor for this grant was to explore the oil in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After discovering a huge amount of oil, part of the grant was sold to other American oil companies in order to cooperate with each other to do more exploration and to deal with such a big job. In 1948, all these American companies were incorporated into Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) shared 50% of its profits with Saudi government. Furthermore, the company’s shares had been acquiring by Saudi government to gain 100% of its ownership. In 1988, the name changed to Saudi Aramco. The Headquarter of Saudi Aramoc is located in Dhahran, a city in eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco produces 10 million barrels of oil each day. The history of Saudi Aramco went through three major periods: exploring oil, interconnecting with the USA, and contributing to other many universal events.