The growth of dwarf peas, Pisum sativum depends on the characteristics of the soil and the seeds. Sterile conditions will have a positive effect on P. sativum below and above ground physiology. The plants’ root length, root width and number of leaves will be positively affected by sterile conditions because the pathogens in soil which out compete the plants for its nutrients will be killed off. Soil and some seeds were sterilized and grown for twenty one days before root length, root width, and number of leaf parameters was tested. From the three parameters, root length was the only one affected by sterile conditions. No changes were observed in the other parameters because more growth time for P. sativum plants was required.
Intro
Soil is one of the greatest contributors to plant growth because it consists of nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and living organism. In the vast plant world, some living organisms in soil and plants such as rhizobia, which are the bacteria that supply sufficient nodulation in legume crops” (Mathew, David, & Mark, 2013) are useful. It’s these important rhizobia bacteria located in the plants’ root nodules that aid in nitrogen fixation for the plant. Other living organisms such as nematodes and parasites are harmful to the plants’ health. The harmful living organisms in soil rob plants for their resources and nutrients leading to nitrogen and sulfur nutrient deficiencies. In highly valued nutritious food plants such as dwarf peas, Pisum sativum that contain an abundant content of essential elements such as starch; the presence of pathogens in soil will lead to low nutrition value content in the dwarf peas.
To overcome the challenges in soil and seeds that negatively affect...
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...et. An example of this is observed through the parameters predicted in the experiment. While some parameters weren’t met, root length was affected by soil sterilization.
Works Cited
Mathew, D., David, P., & Mark, P. (2013). Nitrogen contributions from faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) reliant on soil rhizobia or inoculation. Plant & Soil, 363-374.
Middleton, K. J., Bell, M. J., & Thompson, J. P. (1989). Effects of soil sterilization, inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and cropping history on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growth in an oxisol from subtropical Australia. Plant and SOil, 41-48.
White, J. G. (1987). The effects of soil conditions, soil sterilization and seed treatment on the emergence of cabbage in controlled temperature cabinents and the field. Institute of Horticultural Research , 347.
Abstract: Gibberellic acid is a plant hormone that is used to stimulate growth and fasten the germination of plants. When Gibberellic acid used on plants, it produces bigger and fuller leaves following by elongating the stems. This experiment was designed to determine the effect that Gibberellic acid will have on the growth of a seed germination. As performed in class, three types of radish seed were treated with Gibberellic acid to see the effects the acid will have on those three seeds. During the treatment plan, the three seeds received a different amount of acid and water five times a week. For instance, Seed A got approximately 2.5ML of Gibberellin acid, seed B got 5.0ML, and seed C got 10ML, following by seed A getting 17.5ML of water, seed B getting 15.0ML, and seed C obtaining 10ML of water. However, based on this treatment plan, seed A and B showed no growth. While, the seed that consumed more acid, which was Seed C showed rapid growth. In this case, the only possible explanation for this surprising result could be that the Seeds
Brassica rapa is a mustard plant that can be found throughout North America, and is common in areas undergoing extreme change, such as changes in climate. There is an important relationship between the ecological and genetic factors that influence the growth of Brassica rapa (Mitchell-Olds 1996). So, the environmental elements, as well as the genetic information, are essential to the growth rate and survival of Brassica rapa. This plant is capable of reproducing quickly, and the root systems are usually quite small, although some Brassica rapa have developed larger root systems (Mitchell-Olds 1996). This plant is commonly used in experiments because of its ability to germinate rapidly. Brassica rapa is capable of sprouting within a stage of about two weeks, and this trait allows scientists to perform experiments in a short period of time.
One of the main questions addressed is; why do plants choose rhizobia with nitrogen fixing strains (as nitrogen is metabolically costly) over plants with non-fixing strains that can also lead to nodulated plant (Gubry-Rangin et al, 2010). It should be noted that strains with different fixing levels have been reported in populations of rhizobia and when picking a rhizobium a plant must take into consideration its symbiotic efficacy, as rhizobia cannot be vertically transmitted.
The leguminosae family, more commonly known as the legume, pea, or bean family; contain most of the plant species that form a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen fixing bacteria. About 20,000 species of legumes form their symbiosis with rhizobia; a nodule-inducing bacteria. Legumes have emerged as a very valuable resource for many countries for various reasons. The seeds of legumes are very high in protein, and some can also be rich in oil. Some countries donate up to 60% of their arable land in order to plant various types of this plant family. This family of plants is also used to enhance soil fertility and is a valuable source of wood. In various agricultural systems, the need for chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced due to the nitrogen fixation of the symbiotic bacteria that is hosted by the legumes. In some areas, almost 50% of the nitrogen added to the soil is due to this symbiotic relationship (3). Although an exact estimate of this symbiosis is hard to determine, legume-rhizobia relationships remain important to the function and composition of many natural ecosystems throughout the world (2).
Six weeks previous to the conductance of this lab, Biology 108 section,planted wheat and mustard plants according to table#1 on page 3 of the Principles of Biology 108 Lab Manual . This table depicts all of the total pots and number and type of seeds planted in the pots. It accounts for the experiments of the intraspecific competition and interspecific competition. Replicates of each pot were planted to add precision and more acceptable statistics. Therefore, there were 40 pots, that is, 20 treatments conducted twice(Ciara, 1993).
the effect light has on the growth of pea plants. It will take place in an environment with controlled light, with equal amounts of plants being grown in the light and in the dark. All elements of the experiment other than light will be kept the same, such as amount of seeds in each pot, amount of soil in each pot and amount of water given to each plant each day. This will ensure a fair experiment. Prediction: I predict that in general, the plants grown in the light will grow better than those grown in the dark.
Schumann, Gail L., and Cleora J. D'Arcy. Hungry Planet: Stories of Plant Diseases. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society, 2012. Print.
The Brassica rapa plants were bred to live in the colder states of America, such as Michigan and Wisconsin. Up there they have very few times it is actually warm enough for plant growth. So to take advantage of those few short moments, Dr. Williams bred a ...
Two members of the group were instructed to visit the laboratory each day of the experiment to water and measure the plants (Handout 1). The measurements that were preformed were to be precise and accurate by the group by organizing a standardized way to measure the plants. The plants were measured from the level of the soil, which was flat throughout all the cups, to the tip of the apical meristems. The leaves were not considered. The watering of the plants took place nearly everyday, except for the times the lab was closed. Respective of cup label, the appropriate drop of solution was added to the plant, at the very tip of the apical meristems.
Plants are grown under controlled and sterile conditions which reduce the risk of being exposed to pests, pathogens and diseases.
"Home | American Society of Agronomy." Home | American Society of Agronomy. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. .
This lesson is designed to review and reinforce a few important concepts about plants (e.g. Needs, parts, sequence of planting) and to also guide the students through applying a few scientific inquiry (e.g. Making observations, experimentation, discussion, reflection, reporting results etc.). The students have previously planted corn and bean seeds and today’s lesson has provided the students a chance to see the results of the planted corn and bean seeds. Additionally, seeds have been planted under and growing under the following conditions: without water, and without soil. The students see the results of these seeds planted under these conditions for the past week. Two plants in particular have already been grown their growth has been
Cook, R.J. “Influence of Water Potential of Soils and Plants on Root Disease”. Annual Reviews: A
Soil is the most important non-renewable resource on any farm. Healthy soil is key to a good
Studies have shown that there are bacteria and fungi with certain strains that live in soil. When they are applied to the seeds, they can aid crops by invigorating plant growth or by decreasing the damage created from plant pathogens bred from the soil. Another example is the bacterial species, Mycorrhiza. It is a fungus, which is able to form a union with a majority of land plants. When this action occurs, that symbiotic relationship assists to increase uptake by the root system to about 90 percent. This in turn helps the plant take in water and nutrients from deep inside the soil. It also allows the activation of genes and physiological changes in the plant which helps them to survive drought circumstances. Other microbes are also able to lift a plant 's resistance to bugs. A larger focus on microorganisms colonizing our plants and sharing a symbiotic relationship with them would greatly improve yields and lessen the need for costly fertilizers and pesticides. Information such as this would be very useful for students in college who are interested in businesses such as