Sociological Theories and Theorists

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“Origins of sociological thinking can be traced to the scientific revolution in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century” (Kendall 11). In this time, great store was put on one’s possession of critical reasoning and experiences. In France the Enlightenment was dominated by a group called philosophes; these men believed that human society could be improved through scientific discoveries (Kendall 11). In France during this time period women were excluded from public life, but some women were able to influence the philosophes by participating in a “salon” which is much like an open house which encouraged discussion and debates. During these salon’s the men typically viewed the women as someone that was a good listener, or maybe even a mistress; they did not consider them intellectual equals. Sometimes they would even use the women’s thoughts and ideas like they were theirs (Kendall 11)

Some sociologist view society as basic and ongoing entity, some see it as groups competing for scarce resources and others see it as basic everyday interactions among people (Kendall 23). Each of these uses a theory that attempts to describe explain and sometimes predict social events (Kendall 23). These are referred a perspectives which means “to have a mental view or outlook or having the ability to perceive things in their actual interrelations or comparative importance” (dictionary).

Three major theoretical perspectives have emerged in sociology. The first would be functionalist theory, which means “a system of thoughts based on the premise that all mental processes derive from their usefulness to the organism in adapting to the environment” (dictionary). Second is conflict theory, which is based upon the view that the fundamental cau...

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...approach considers values to be the core of culture, because values give meaning to what people do, direct people’s lives, and bind people together” “For Parsons, society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. He defines the social structure as any relatively stable pattern of social behavior” (Encyclopedia).

Works Cited

http://www.egs.edu library George Simmel, biography, online source, 29th October 2011

http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/chambliss, online source, 29th October 2011

http://www.dictionary.com, online source, 29th October 2011

http://www.encyclopedia.com/people, online source, 29th October 2011

http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx, online source, 29th October 2011

Kendall, Diana. Sociology 111 General Sociology: Columbia College Edition. Mason, Ohio: Cengage Learning, 2010. Print.

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