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Social cognition chapter 3
Social cognition chapter 3
Pros and cons of profiling
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Public Safety Officials have been battling the difficult question of profiling for quite a while. The question is how do they know the suspected individual fit the category associated with an offense? While it has been proven that many profiling cases are somewhat directed to a racial profile, it can be proven that people, given the discretion, are able to identify explanations for a series of behavioral events by identifying what that behavior accredits to. This theory, identified by Frite Heider, “suggested that we have a tendency to give casual explanations for someone’s behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person’s disposition,” called the attribution theory. Until recently, a study of the like was considered to be a branch of sociology and not a form of psychology. Social psychology essentially became the focus on the individual rather than the group as a whole. Many thoughtful ideas are collected in response to the studies of social psychology. Human cognition is understood to arise from interacting socially; highlighting the importance of socialization. We use social cognition to develop our explanations and our ideas on why a person’s behavior is/does what it is/does. As explained in class, we may have a student who never completes assignments and from that viewpoint, we determined that the student is a lazy person and more than likely does not care about the class. There exist that single chance of being correct on the inference of the students life; however, it so happened to turn out the student loves the discussions in the classroom but is struggling to find a balance between school, home, and work. The student may have collapsed in the wake of anxiety as soon as they sat down to begin a paper f... ... middle of paper ... ...lpful in the criminal justice system. References Cherry, K. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://psychology.about.com/b/2012/06/15/social-cognition-psychology-definition-of-the-week.htm Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: Wiley. McLeod, S. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.simplypsychology.org/cognitive-dissonance.html Myers, D. G. (2011). Exploring psychology. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Myers, D. G. (2011). Exploring psychology. New York, NY: Worth Publishers.Walker, S., & Katz, C. M. (2013). The police in America: An introduction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Wistrich, R. S. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/himmler.html Zimbardo, P.G. (2004, May, 25). Journalist interview re: Abu Ghraib prison abuses: Eleven answers to eleven questions. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford Univesity.
Marianne Szegedy-Maszak, a senior writer at U.S. News and World, published her article, "The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal: Sources of Sadism," in 2004. She uses the article to briefly overview the scandal as a whole before diving into what can trigger sadistic behavior. The Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal took place in 2004, wherein American troops humiliated and tortured Iraqi detainees (Szegedy-Maszak 75). The main objective of Szegedy-Maszak’s article is to investigate the causation behind sadistic behavior, exclusively in the Abu Ghraib Prison scandal. She effectively does so by gathering information and research from professional psychologists and professors of psychology, specifically Herbert Kelman and Robert Okin (Szegedy-Maszak 76). She finds
The Iraq war was a protracted armed conflict that began with the 2003 invasion of Iraq led by the United States. The conflict, however, continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post invasion Iraqi government. In “Regarding The Torture of Others.” Susan Sontag introduces, the tragic record of events to explore the power of photographs to tell a story that words cannot bring to light.
In the line of police force it is imperative to think outside of the box. Many people confuse a police officer’s curiosity as racial profiling and racism. However, this is how a police officer often finds the majority of their evidence. In many neighborhoods, there a dominant races that live within the community. For example, if a wealthy white man was driving around a predominantly minority-based community, it would be acceptable for a police officer to grow skeptical at this situation. It is obvious that man is out of place, and it is the police officer 's duty to further investigate the
Crime is a part of society encompases the news and the public. A variety of studies of media content have estimated that as much as 25 percent of the daily news is devoted to crime (Surette 1992) and that crime is the largest major category of stories in the print and electronic media (Chermak 1994, 103). (Lawrence 18). With crime at an all time high, police are constantly having to deal with more and more issues. This can lead to stressed out and fed up officers, which can lead to poor decisions by an officer. The use of force by police is a highly controversial topic as it raises questions about a government’s ability to use force against its citizens (Lawrence 19). Today’s society is caught up on the ideals of civility and equality before the law, making police use of force a touchy
The United States Military Police guards tortured suspected terrorists and innocent Iraqi men and women in cells. Prisoners of both the Stanford Prison Experiment and Abu Ghraib were tortured and humiliated by taking pictures of them with bags over their heads, making them wear degrading clothes or no clothes at all, and having them perform sexual simulations with each other such as sodomy and fallattio. Zimbardo says that, “They began to do degrading activities like having them simulate sodomy.” (Zimbardo,15:37). Prisoners in both of the experiments experienced mental breakdowns due to physical, emotional, and mental torture. The prison guards and the military police were given permission to have authority over the prisoners by a more powerful figure and started to abuse their authority to the point of no
...ommunity and belonging that they had wanted. They’d gone through hard times, however they gained a community that they can call “family.” After all, they believed that their hard work benefited the community and enjoyed in knowing that. Because of them, the community became a “family.”
In the article, “The Torture Myth,” Anne Applebaum explores the controversial topic of torture practices, focused primarily in The United States. The article was published on January 12, 2005, inspired by the dramatic increase of tensions between terrorist organizations and The United States. Applebaum explores three equality titillating concepts within the article. Applebaum's questions the actual effectiveness of using torture as a means of obtaining valuable information in urgent times. Applebaum explores the ways in which she feels that the United States’ torture policy ultimately produces negative effects upon the country. Applebaum's final question is if torture is not optimally successful, why so much of society believes it works efficiently.
The process of using behavioral evidence left at a crime scene to make inferences about the offender, including inferences about personality characteristics and psychopathology is called criminal profiling. Around the country, several agencies rely on the minds of criminal psychologists to lead them in the right direction to finding the correct offender. Criminal profiling provides investigators with knowledge of the appearance and behavior of a potential criminal.
Rutkin, Aviva. "Policing The Police." New Scientist 226.3023 (2015): 20-21. Academic Search Premier. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
Social psychology is a scientific-based study which is used to examine and explain how an individual’s thoughts and feelings affect their behaviour within a society; how the members socially interact, including their motives; and what influences these members have on each other. This essay will endeavour to introduce the key psychologists, their theories and the idiographic research they conducted. In particular, it will focus on the features and definition of conformity and the investigations into the views on conformity. Furthermore, it aims to critically analyse and reveal a correlation in the results and conclusions in respect to the current comprehension of human social behaviour.
Barbara Coloroso developed a third classroom management approach known as Inner Discipline in 2002. Coloroso was a former nun and is now a teacher and an author. She firmly dislikes the idea of a “quick-fix” solution to discipline problems. Instead, she advices teachers to focus on helping students develop inner discipline that will allow them to recognize their mistakes, and allow them to take responsibility for her or his actions. Even more, teachers should encourage students to think through solutions, and correct their faults. Santilli & Hudson (1992) suggest that this can be achieved by simply discussing ethical and moral problems that are in the news. Encouraging adolescents to think through issues out loud. Without challenging his or her point of view, wonder aloud about how others might have different perspectives on the issue and what might cause others to have these different perspectives. Teachers who follow this approach believe that school becomes a place where both teachers and students work together to learn, relate, grow and create a community.
My paper is based on an article from the text’s web site (chapter 9) entitled “Lack of sleep ages body’s systems.” The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation.
Gul, Zakir, Hakan Hekim, and Ramazan Terkesil. “Controlling Police (Excessive) Force: The American Case.” International Journal of Human Sciences 10.2 (2013): 285-303. Academic Search Premier. Web. 12 Mar. 2014.
Social Psychologist tend to ask questions when they want to answer a question about people’s behavior. Why do people do the things they do? Social psychologists want to explain this behavior. For example, the questions, “why do we hurt each other? Why does genocide happen?” can be answered by testing a hypothesis formed from their previous knowledge. To approach this question, social psychologist can use what they have observed to create an experiment. There are many influences on aggression, such as: the physical environment, wealth inequality, social rejection, culture, and media. Social psychologists use all this information to conduct their studies to explain why people hurt others and how people can even participate in genocide.
The development point of view of social psychology has changed the understanding of human nature in relation to social contexts. Social psychology is the study of how individuals act, think, and feel in relation to the context of society. Furthermore, social psychology concentrates on how other people influence an individual’s behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Basically, social psychology has changed our understanding of human nature as it investigates how an individual’s behavior influences a groups’ behavior or internal mechanisms; attitude or self-concepts. Post-World War 2(WW2), researchers were curious to investigate the reasonings for why people follow orders, despite the potential repercussions of those actions. Furthermore, social experiments are usually applied to demonstrate key