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Residential segregation in america
The practice of social research
Residential segregation in america
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Introduction. Throughout Gerring’s (2006) description of case selection techniques, the emphasis is set in the methodological structures of each procedure. Each of these techniques relies on certain parameters in which cases look for different means to representativeness. A case study should always be representative of a larger population and this stands a decisive benchmark for its validity as a stand-alone case, either for testing or generating a hypothesis (Gerring, 2006). The crucial case study however is presented with a more careful insight, since its methodological approach distances from the other techniques. In fact, crucial cases in social sciences, according to Gerring (2006/2007), are problematic to test. Since the nature of a crucial case relies on the deterministic precision of a hypothesis, its applicability to social sciences, where theories always fall prey to a certain degree of ambiguity, must not be taken for granted (2007, p.233). In order to overcome such issue, Gerring reflects on the use of most-likely and least-likely crucial cases, in which the central point relies on assessing the quality of the studied theory and its disconfirmation or confirmation of such, respectably. In summary, the crucial case research design will much depend on the deductive power of the researcher and the quality of the theory under investigation (Ibid, p.235). This paper will use Chris Hamnet’s article as an example, titled Social Polarisation in Global Cities: Theory and Evidence (1994). His main goal is to discuss Saskia Sassen’s theory of polarisation and its theoretical and empirical validity. Although it is not explicitly stated, the presented case study of the Randstad in the Netherlands, assumes what I could inf... ... middle of paper ... ..., crucial case studies in social sciences are unlikely to be related to a deterministic hypothesis, but are rather used to evaluate the ambiguity of a theory. A “pure” crucial case, that is, a case where a risky hypothesis determines specific causal mechanisms it’s not part of the nature of causal relationships as understood in social sciences. This is the reason why crucial cases must always be treated with scepticism. Works Cited • Gerring, J. (2001). Social science methodology: A criterial framework. Cambridge University Press. • Gerring, J. (2006). Case study research: principles and practices. Cambridge University Press. • Gerring, J. (2007). Is there a (viable) crucial-case method?. Comparative Political Studies, 40(3), 231-253. • Hamnett, C. (1994). Social polarisation in global cities: theory and evidence. Urban studies, 31(3), 401-424.
Phillips, E. Barbara. City Lights: Urban-Suburban Life in the Global Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Social historians in recent years have started to look at the people who made up most of the population in cities, people who are usually ignored when looking at society,
In the case study, there were many issues that could have came into question when figuring
Taking Two Of The Theoretical Approaches To Social Research Discussed In The Module, Demonstrate The Connections Between Their Ontological, Epistemological And Methodological Assumptions. Which Method Or Methods Would Proponents Of Each Theory Favour As A Result Of Their Assumptions.
Hall, Matthew, and Barrett Lee. "How Diverse Are US Suburbs?." Urban Studies (Sage Publications, Ltd.) 47.1 (2010): 3-28. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 4 May 2010.
American democracy was built on the foundation of compromises. For example, the Constitution would have never been ratified if the Bills of Rights was not part of the compromise. In a system that is built on making compromises, it is dangerous to have high levels of political polarization. The Republican-controlled House and the Democrat-controlled Senate are constantly at a gridlock and are on the path to becoming the most unproductive Congress since World War II. Despite the “growth” of self-proclaimed Independent, a quick look at their voting history would show that they are usually weak Democrats or weak Republicans. In American politics, party identification is still the single best indicator of how a person will vote. In recent years, both parties have become smaller and more ideologically homogeneous; Republicans are dominated by conservatives, while a growing number of Democrats call themselves liberals. Most Americans claim that they see important differences between the parties and many feel that they must stay loyal to their party especially during presidential elections.
One’s sense of place is determined by where they feel comfortable, at home, or simply welcomed. Millions of people consider their sense of place as being in an urban setting, but millions more are cast out of the urban space. What causes this “urban unevenness”? There are many factors to consider when thinking about the urban divide including race, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and physical and mental health to name a few. Massey’s essay, “Global Sense of Place”, discusses what she calls “time-space compression” which can explain why some people feel included in an urban space and others are excluded. Massey’s idea of “sense of place” is furthered by looking at examples from Williamson’s accounts of the destruction
America is polarized, even though the author believes that polarization is only occurring within political circles. Although the author, shows this, it is hard to believe due to the current political climate in America. With many articles coming out, detailing either political party misdeeds, it has been shown that the majority of parties may not care for their constituents anymore. This polarization is starting to become a hot issue due to everything going on today. Polarization within the general population of the United States is rising due to current political sentiment.
In Plato’s republic, a philosophical account on the kallipolis (the beautiful city) is built on the perspective of Socrates and his discussion between his companions. In the republic, the city in which ones live in depends on the soul and the character of the city one lives in. In this paper the character of human nature and politics will be discussed in how a city is ought to be by the influence of human nature and politics. Firstly, the influence of human nature on politics will be looked at, for example according to Plato on behalf of Socrates; he claims that a just soul creates a just society, where it is human nature to be just, that influences in creating a just political system. Secondly, politics influences human nature, where in the republic when the discussion of guardians starts out between Socrates and the companions, there is political thought discussed between them, where Socrates wants to create the perfect guardians through specific training in all types of skills instituted to creating a perfect protector. Lastly, human nature is human soul if the soul is just the city is going to be just. It is the human nature which has created communities without any political thought put in place; it political thought that forms rules and laws. Thus, human nature is part of the individual understanding of its society that creates an understanding of how one ought to be, which in turns creates rules and laws that is essentially viewed as politics.
Perhaps this matter has been approached incorrectly and the fundamental problem of social theory persists and needs to be addressed:
Single case study designs are used to study a situation or context that is critical, unique, longitudinal case (Yin, 2014, p. 51) . Multiple case study design, on the other hand, attempts to replicate findings across multiple cases to enable the generalisation of the findings. Also, another important aspect of selecting cases in multiple case studies are the criteria and rationale for case selection (Gray, 2014; Yin, 2014). The conspicuous differences between holistic single and multiple cases studies are embedded in the unit of analysis. In holistic design, the unit of analysis is single, while an embedded approach employs multiple units of analysis. In other words, a multiple case design allows two or more cases to be replicated or deliberately
The Negative Effects of Urbanization on People and their Environment As our world becomes increasingly globalized, numerous people travel to urban areas in search of economic prosperity. As a consequence of this, cities in periphery countries expand at rates of 4 to 7 percent annually. Many cities offer entrepreneurs the potential for resources, labor, and resources. With prosperity, cities also allow the freedom of a diversity of ways of life and manners (Knox & Marston, 2012). However, in the quest to be prosperous, increasing burdens are placed on our health and the condition of our environment.
Curtis, S., Gesler, W., Smith, G. and Washburn, S. (2000). Approaches to sampling and case
Validity- anthropologists uses case studies to explain their application of addressing any human related issues so that their work is clear and solid (Firth 1981:193).
Sassen, S. "The Global City: introducing a Concept." Brown Journal of World Affairs. 11.2 (2005): 40. Print.