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Sickle cell anemia conclusion
Anatomy and physiology of sickle cell anemia
Sickle cell anemia conclusion
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A Change of the Blood
Sickle Cell Anemia is a blood disorder which is passed down from parents to a child. Many people have Sickle Cell Anemia in the U.S and around the world. These people have a wide variety of symptoms, varying from semi-severe to life threatening problems while others live with little to no recognizable symptoms.
Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin inside of red blood cells. The mutation occurs in the hemoglobin gene on the 11chromosome. The mutation causes the red blood cell to get deformed in to a rod shape similar to a farmers Sickle, hence the name. Sickling of the red blood cells is when the cell polymerizes into rigid rods that alter the shape allowing them to get trapped in small blood vessels. (Laberge, p3) The sickle cell disease can help reduce the chance of the malaria in the patient, by the sickle cell dyeing faster than malaria can take effect. Sickle Cell Anemia is an autosomal recessive disease. The chance that a new born baby will have the disease is dependent on the parents and whether or not they have the trait or disease. If both parents have the disease or trait the child has a 25% chance to have Sickle Cell Anemia. The child also has a 25% chance to not have the disease or trait at all. There is also a 50% chance that the child just has the trait, which causes no health problems, but allows the disease to get passed on to the next generation.
Sickle Cell Anemia can drastically affect someone’s way of life in many ways. From early childhood and the rest of your life, you will be at the mercy of modern medicine to ease you of your pain and ward off infections. The disease is also life threatening, people with this disease suffer from strokes,...
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...int Problems - Compromised blood flow causes bone damage. This can occur late in childhood and can greatly affect the joint movement with pain.
Although the average life span for people who have the sickle cell disease is less than a normal one. They can still live a productive life with the proper care and medical treatment when needed. At this time the disease does not have a cure, though modern medicine is getting better at numbing the pain and stopping the symptoms.
References
Heterozygote superiority. (n.d.). In World of biology. Retrieved from Gale Science in Context database. (Accession No. CV2431500311)
Sickle cell anemia. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2014, from WebMD website: http://www.webmd.com/default.htm
Sickle cell disease. (2011). In The gale encyclopedia of medicine. Retrieved from Gale Science in Context database. (Accession No. DU2601001701)
revealed that three of the fourteen samples were were homozygous while the other eleven were
Pierron, D. Chang, I. Arachiche, A. et al. 2011. Mutation Rate Switch inside Eurasian Mitochondrial Haplogroups. Plos one 6(6): e21543.
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), also called fragile bone ailment or Lobstein disorder, is an inherent bone issue portrayed by weak bones that are inclined to break effortlessly with practically zero cause. A arrangement of various sorts of OI is regularly used to depict how seriously a man with OI is affected.OI is brought on by hereditary deformities that influence the body's capacity to make solid bones. In predominant established OI, a man has too little sort I collagen or a low quality of sort I collagen because of a transformation in one of the sort I collagen qualities which makes the bones
What is Sickle cell disease? Sickle cell affects a disease; that disease is called which affects the hemoglobin when the red blood cells that send oxygen through the body are killed off and weakened. Sickle cells can be found in every 1 and 1000 African Americans, it is affecting about 70,000 to 80,000 Americans in the United States. Sickle cell is a death threatening disease, and the severity of symptoms can vary from person to person (Sickle cell disease (SCD), 2015). Some people have light conditions, but others can have severe conditions, which, mean they could be hospitalized. Characteristics of this disease are caused by a minimum of low blood cells, which is called anemia.
SCD has major social and economic implications for the affected child and the families. Recurrent sickle-cell crises interfere with the patient’s life, especially with regard to education, work and psychosocial development (WHO). Sickle cell anemia, specifically, is a serious disease that can require frequent hospital stays. Repeated hospitalization for intravenous pain medication, antibiotic therapy and blood transfusions is undertaken to treat medical problems as about 1 in every 10 children with sickle cell disease. People with SCD may suffer abdominal pain, breathlessness, delayed growth and puberty, fatigue, fever, ulcers, among others. These patients often die early of overwhelming infection or as a consequence of acute or chronic damage to the body organs. Those with sickle cell disorder often suffer neglect and
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as brittle bone disease, is a rare genetic disorder with the main characteristic being that the bones break very easily, usually for no apparent reason. The major cause of osteogenesis imperfecta is a mutation in the genes that produce collagen. Collagen is the main protein that works toward the production of connective tissue. Individuals with this disorder will produce less collagen than needed, which causes the bone development to be endangered. This could result in bone deformities. There are four types of osteogenesis imperfecta, and in all four types you will see bone fragility with multiple fractures and bone deformities.
“In the United States, it's estimated that sickle cell anemia affects 70,000–100,000 people, mainly African Americans” (NHLBI, NIH, Who is at risk for sickle cell anemia). SCD is a disease that is a serious disorder in which the body can make normal blood cells and sickle shape cells. Sickle shape cells can block the blood flow in your vessels and cause pain or organ damage also put you in risk for infections. SCD has no cure available but there are many treatments out there to deal with the complications of it. From over years treatments did get better from way back in the day doctors have learned. Sickle cell disease has lack of attention and funding because it’s only affecting African American the most.
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disease of red blood cells. Normally red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin A, which carries oxygen to all the organs in the body. With sickle cell anemia, however, the body makes a different kind of protein, called hemoglobin S.
Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder. For a person to have sickle cell anemia they must have received two copies of the gene, one from each parent. A person with the sickle cell trait only received one sickle cell gene and a normal hemoglobin gene. People who have the sickle cell trait do not develop sickle cell anemia however they can pass the deformed gene on to their children. People with just the trait do not face the complications caused by the disorder.
Sickle Cell Anemia seems to be one of the hardest conditions to live with due to the severity of its symptoms and it can be an encumbrance to everyday life. Although this condition is hard to live with, it is possible to live with it. Thanks to the twenty-first century advancements, there is great medical care available to patients and many other resources and support groups to help families through this harsh reality of living with sickle cell. Perhaps one day there will be a readily available cure for this horrible disease. Until then, a patient with sickle cell should have a support system and take care to live a healthy life so that they can live their life to the fullest.
Rantala, M. J., and Roff, D. A. 2006. Analysis of the importance of genotypic variation,
Other metabolic bone diseases are osteoporosis, gout, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and PAGET'S DISEASE. Nutritional Disorders Nutritional deficiencies that result in bone damage include RICKETS in children and osteomalacia in adults, caused by a lack of vitamin D. In children, calcium and phosphate are poorly distributed on bones during development, resulting especially in deformity of the legs and arms. In adults, bones of the spine, pelvis, and legs become demineralized and the bones weaken.
On the other hand, the authors found that linkage disequilibrium (LD) between SNP and CNP was not much different from that between two SNPs. The authors demonstrated that an increased mutation rate and larger number of segregating alleles hardly affects LD with a nearby SNP.
M Dufrasne, I. M. (2013). Journal of Animal Science. Animal Genetics , Volume 91 (12).