The Second Rape We live in a world where rape is common and is normalized to be part of a behavior and not a crime. Women are often given tips on how to avoid being raped or how to defend themselves from being rape (Gerdes). Society, in fact, is making people understand rape and cope around it when it’s unacceptable. Once society acknowledges that rape is bound to happen to any woman, rapists tend to blame the victim. There are several factors in which rape victims are being held responsible for the crime and not the rapist. Rape is a crime of sexual violence that can cause “long-term emotional devastation” in a victim although some victims may respond to it differently (Williams, 16). Victims of this act can also face physical injuries: “the National Women's Study, funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, found that more than 70% of rape victims did not report any physical injuries as a result of their assault; only 4% sustain serious injuries that require hospitalization” (Frey). But, the most disturbing impact that society puts upon women after being raped is shame making the victim feel blamed. Usually the victim may feel less open and more “fearful” and “humiliated” towards society, making them not come forward and report the crime. Victims usually blame themselves after being raped and held responsible and experience self-blame or a sense of guilt thinking something is inherently wrong with them or they done something wrong. “Many rape survivors feel as if some action on their part provoked the rape, or they did not effectively resist to avoid the rape altogether” (Williams, 46). After a woman is raped usually the perpetrator and society says, “She asked for it” which is believed that the woman’s ... ... middle of paper ... ...rapist. In any type of crime that women are the victims their life style, behavior, and appearance get questioned and become the “cause” of the crime. Works Cited Baron, Larry, and Murray A. Straus. Four Theories of Rape in American Society: A State-level Analysis. New Haven: Yale UP, 1989. Print. Beneke, Timothy. Men on Rape. New York, NY: St. Martin's, 1982. Print. Dionne, Ste´phanie, and Rebecca J. Frey,. "Rape and Sexual Assault." The Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Laurie J. Fundukian. 4th ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale, 2011. 3687-3693. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 13 May 2014. "Preface to 'How Should Society Respond to Sexual Violence?'." Sexual Violence. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Opposing Viewpoints. Opposing Viewpoints in Context. Web. 13 May 2014. Williams, Mary E. Rape. San Diego, CA: Greenhaven, 2001. Print.
Susan Griffin’s Rape: The All-American Crime touches on many issues within American society. She begins by recounting how she was taught to be afraid of strange men from such a young age that she had not yet learned what it was she was so afraid of, and then goes into her experience with harassment, an experience shared by every woman at some point in her life. Griffin recounts the belief that all rapists are insane and the proof that they are just normal men and dispels the myth that rape is normal activity that is prohibited by society. However, she goes on to clarify that our culture views rape: “as an illegal, but still understandable, form of behavior” (Griffin 514). It seems that the wrongness of rape is determined by the situation in
The trauma of rape can lead to depression and can put victims in a horrible mental state of mind. Symptoms of depression can go unnoticed for long periods of time especially if the victims doesn’t speak out and tell someone. “Symptoms of depression are social withdrawnness, lack of interest in things the victim would normally enjoy, feelings of worthless unexplained irritability, and inability to sleep. After rape or sexual abuse, survivors often find their self-esteem suffers significantly”.(After silence. org) The way victims view themselves and others change significantly after being raped. They may lose their integrity and power to continue a balanced life.
In a study done by Grubb and Harrower (2009), they surveyed to find people’s reactions to three different types of rape. Rape by a stranger, date rape and seduction rape were in question. Their results indicated that male participants thought victims were to blame far more often than women believed. In the case of a “seduction rape,” both males and females attributed the blame to the victim, as well as in a stranger rape. But when it came down to it, 33 percent of men said they would rape someone if they could get away with it (The White House Council on Women and Girls,
Every two minutes, an American is sexually assaulted. According to the U.S. Department of Justice's National Crime Victimization Survey, there are an average of 237,868 victims of rape and sexual assault every year. 9 of every 10 rape victims were female in 2003, and 1 out of every 6 American women has been the victim of rape in her lifetime. The question people have to ask themselves is why rape is so common. It is time to accept that the rape epidemic is not just about the crimes themselves, but the cultural and political willful ignorance known as rape culture. Rape culture is an environment where rape is prevalent and in which sexual violence against women is normalized and excused in the media and popular culture. Rape culture has become so common that it is nearly invisible, but it present and strong in everyday life.
It is not a topic that is brought up often, especially at schools or at gatherings, yet it is crucial that everyone be educated, or at least informed on a topic that affects women every day. “Given that sexual violence continues to occur at high rates in the United States, it is vital that we understand attitudes and cultural norms that serve to minimize or foster tolerance of sexual violence” (Aosved, 481). Growing rates of sexual violence goes to prove that it is not taken seriously by many, especially when myths excuse the actions of the perpetrator and instead guilt victims into thinking they are responsible for the horrible act. Burt (1980), in her article titled, “Cultural myths and support for rape” attempts to make sense of the importance of stereotypes and myths, defined as prejudicial, stereotypes, or false beliefs about rape, rape victims and rapists- in creating a climate hostile to rape victims (Burt, 217). Examples of rape myths are such sayings as “only bad girls get raped”; “women ask for it”; “women cry rape” (Burt, 217). This only goes to prove that rape myths against women always blame and make it seem like it is the women’s fault she was raped and that she deserved it for “acting” a certain way. McMahon (2007), in her article titled, “Understanding community-specific rape myths” explains how Lonsway and Fitzgerald (1994) later described rape myths as “attitudes and beliefs that are generally
Blaming the victim of rape is a well-documented phenomenon which may be subtle in its presence, such as when one makes unrealistic statements about what the victim could have done to protect themselves; alternatively, it may take the form of outright displacement of the blame for the entire crime, an example being one saying the victim was asking for it. As a result of this widespread and sometimes subtle presence in the cultural psyche, victim blaming not only finds itself in the minds of random citizens whose beliefs alone have little effect on the lives of others, but in the decisions made by those in the Criminal Justice System who find themselves involved in rape cases. As a result of the ubiquitous and fallacious attitudes towards rape that seep into the Criminal Justice System from larger society, victim blaming creates bias in a system which should be without anything of the sort.
Acquaintance rape, sometimes called date rape, is the most common form of this crime. Yet, until the 1980s, it was virtually unheard of (Warshaw 2). We believed that rape was fairly rare. When it did take place, we wrongfully assumed that the victim was an idealized virginal school girl and that her attacker was a ruthless and depraved psychopath, armed and lurking in the shadows (Warshaw 14). This image needs to be destroyed. Rape is common. One in four women will be raped during her lifetime. Current statistics say that a woman is raped every four seconds in this country (Anderson 213). These women will be assaulted by people they know, most often by people they trust. They will be disbelieved when they tell their story. They will...
This element in victim blaming coincides with the content of the Conflict Theory. The Conflict Theory looks at how in a country where a diverse group of people had different needs and ways of life the legal system only caters to the highly affluent. Those with the most money determine the norms of society even though they only make up roughly 1% of the population and anyone who does not comply with the set norms will be targeted. Compared to the groups who are considered normal those who go against societies normality will be subject to incarceration and criminalization (D’Alessio&Stolzenberg, 2003). When a black woman is a victim of rape and she has a strong and independent personality that is different from the gender norm decided by the 1% she is blamed for her attack and looked at as promiscuous because she is going against society. Because she is not submissive and dependent she is looked down upon and targeted by those observing who are complacent to the behavioral norms. A victim being blamed and victimized for her rape just because her personality and behavior is not what the wealthy have considered acceptable is and example in how the legal system gains control over the different
Despite rape culture being clearly relevant in most all forms of media, many people choose to argue against it. Many point to the fact that even if rape is a common crime it is still considered especially heinous. Others complain that rape culture is too much about the female agenda when rape is more about men. Dr. Tara J. Palmatier says, “Meanwhile, no one ever discusses adult male rape victims who, believe it or not, do exist and in far greater numbers than female rape victims.” She also claims that “The reality is that more men are raped every year in jail than women in the general population.”(2a) Dr. Tara believes that men should be in more fear of women than the other way around. According the the Munoz-Rivas, more women engage in psychological aggression and Parity states that women’s use of physical aggression is equal to that of men (2a). Because of the points put forth by Dr. Tara J. Palmatier, many people are under the impression that rape culture doesn't exist in the slightest.
When one first thinks of a pressing American public health issue, they perhaps may think of the spread of an infectious disease, or perhaps the issue of water contamination in regards to lead, or maybe even the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. However, the mention of a critical public health issue in America rarely incites a discussion on the rise of sexual assault. Sexual assault is a broad term, often used interchangeably with the term rape- however, while rape is an aspect of sexual assault, the two terms are not synonymous. Sexual assault is defined as “any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient” (U.S. Department of Justice). Sexual assault includes rape, incest, child sexual
This occurs because victims know that they will be blamed by society based on their habits, sexual activity, or how they dress. Because of this unbelief and blame towards the victim, many rapes and sexual assaults go unreported. Since women are dissuaded from reporting, they are forced to live through the trauma in their daily lives and the attackers are still out on the streets looking for their next victims. Victim blaming reinforces sexual assaults and distances people away from the victims. Many victims are seen differently by family and friends as they are seen as “unclean” or “different” due to their forced sexual experience. Although it is mostly talked about in regards to women, it is a real issue for all individuals. In “The Classic Rape: When Do Victims Report?,” by Linda S. Williams from the University of Washington, Williams suggests that victims of the “classic rape” (when the victim is attacked by a stranger), are more likely to report the rape because they feel and see themselves as “true crime victims” (Williams 459). However, rapes where the victims know their attacker are less likely to be reported because the women feel that they had some sort of responsibility or
In 1983-1984 Diana Russell did a study of community women in San Francisco that revealed that 24% of women had experienced a completed rape and 44% had experienced a completed or attempted rape. A national random survey of college women found that one in four had experienced rape or attempted rape in their lifetime and 84% of the women knew their attacker (Koss, Gidycz, and Wisniewski, 1987) (Campbell and Wasco, 2005).
Rape is known as one of heinous crimes a person can commit to someone else. Even though US’s justice system recognizes that rape is a serious threat to women’s physical and mental safety as well as their autonomy, our justice system gravely fails to convict and persecute the perpetrators, making women vulnerable to these sexual crimes. Hence, many women, especially those who are victims of rape, live in fear, which seriously curtails their freedom of movement and confidence in everyday life (Chamallas, 2013). Not only our justice system fails to protect women from rape, but also our society’s skeptical attitude towards rape severely affects rape victims to come forward or report their terrible experiences. The general public views rape as a myth rather than as a fact, and believes that women cry rape just to get public attention, sympathy, and compensation from the perpetrators. Even if the rape did happen, most people still blame women for being irresponsible. Due to the lack of our justice system in convicting rapists and our society’s misconception of rape, the conviction rate of rape is very low even though it is a common crime in our country.
According to statistics, 90% of rape victims are female, and over 98% of rapists are male. Because of our patriarchal society, the majority of all rapes happen to women. A patriarchal society is a predominantly male based society, meaning that men are deemed to be more superior t...
It is not uncommon in this day and age to hear someone say, “Well if she wasn’t dressed like that,” or “she was drunk and asking for it,” when you hear the unfortunate story of another girl being the victim of sexual assault or rape. It is likewise as common for these crimes to go unreported, due to the victims feeling they will not be believed, or become subject to further shame and humiliation. This is because of the idea of “rape culture,” a term coined in the 1970’s during the second wave of feminism. It suggests that the reason that these actions and concepts are so commonplace is because they are things ingrained into our collective psyches from a very early age. As a victim and survivor myself, I believe that this needs to change. The only way it will, however, is if we as a country take a stand now and put a stop to what perpetuates it further.