have grown both in number and technological capability, that influence has grown with us. Lately, the effects of our increased activity have begun to manifest themselves in a multitude of subtle, and some not so subtle ways: we have thinned the ozone layer and may now be starting to change the very climate system upon which we and all other life on Earth depend. In effect, we are experimenting with the future, but unlike performing a laboratory experiment, which can be scrapped and begun anew if it fails
The ozone layer diminishes more each year. As the area of polar ozone depletion (commonly called the ozone hole) gets larger, additional ultraviolet rays are allowed to pass through. These rays cause cancer, cataracts, and lowered immunity to diseases.1 What causes the depletion of the ozone layer? In 1970, Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started research on
deteriorating of the ozone layer, the ozone layer is a layer of ozone (O3 gas) in the atmosphere that reflects most of the Sun’s UV-B radiation (radiation that is harmful to humans and all living things). Additionally, the Montreal Protocol, is an international agreement to protect the ozone layer from deteriorating chemicals, it has been signed by 197 countries to protect the ozone layer. There are also many Canadian initiatives that are in effect to protect the ozone layer. These initiatives have
Thin Layer Chromatography I. Abstract The purpose of this lab was to determine the rate of flow values (Rf=distance of component/distance of solvent) for certain pigments found in chlorophyll and carotene. For the chlorophyll, we observed the following five colors: yellow, orange, dark green, green, and light green. For the cartenoid, we observed the following five colors: yellow, auburn, purple, pink, and red. The solvent in both of our experiments traveled a distance of 6.8cm. We obtained
THE OZONE LAYER: THE PAST, THE PRESENT, AND THE FUTURE The Past The ozonosphere or as we know it, the ozone layer, is the region of the Earth’s upper atmosphere. It contains a high concentration of ozone molecules. The ozone molecules in the ozone layer work to block an estimated 97-99 percentage of solar radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface. If the ozone layer were not present the radiation from the sun would kill most living things and make our planet uninhabitable. The size and thickness
Depletion of the Ozone Layer The atmospheric ozone layer protects all living things from the harmful effects of the Sun. In recent years however, much damage has been caused to the ozone layer, causing it to decrease in size. The depletion of the ozone layer has and will continue to have many detrimental effects on all living things on this planet. A thinner layer will allow more of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth’s surface. In particular, it will be the increase of UV-B
The True Meaning Behind that Layer of Blue Nail Polish When the red-based shades such as pink and orange were the only type of nail polish females dared to wear, I remember wondering if in the near future they'd dare switch to completely new shades such as blue or green. Now that day and age has come when all different shades of blue can be seen painted on teens' nails. Yet, this new choice of blue isn't just another craze of the moment. Rather, it symbolizes something slightly deeper. This latest
Abstract The Physical Layer is the lowest layer of the Open Source Interconnect Model (OSI). It is the layer that deals with all the measurable, physical entities associated with the network. At this layer it is specified how much bandwidth (Baseband or Broadband) will be used in the transmission of data on the network. This layer also includes the physical topology (physical lay out) of the network such as: Bus, Star, Ring or Mesh. The Physical Layer includes these devices: Network Interface
thinned the ozone layer and may now be starting to change the very climate system upon which we and all other life on Earth depend on. It’s like we are experimenting with the future, but unlike lab experiments, we can scrap it and start a new one is it fails, but altering the climate cannot be easily undone. We will be forced to live with the consequences for a very long time. Undoing what we have done to the ozone layer is not that simple. What is the ozone layer? The ozone layer is a part of the
Introduction Thin layer chromatography is a classical case of adsorption or solid/liquid chromatography or planar chromatography. In planar chromatography, the stationary phase is applied on a flat surface and movement of mobile phase is due to the capillary action. The stationary phase is normally a polar absorbent and the mobile phase can be a single solvent or combination of solvents. Adsorption is a concentration dependent process and adsorption coefficient is not constant, in contrast to partition
Global Warming and the Depletion of the Ozone (O3) Layer The average surface temperature on Earth has increased approximately 1.0°F in the past century, and it is projected that it will again increase somewhere two and nine degrees by the year 2100. This is the expected effect of increased greenhouse gases, which contain the Sun's energy (heat) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere). Much of the increase in these gases can be considered a natural occurrence, however, at least some of it is human
Hello student! In order to solve your problem, it is important to first understand how thin layer chromatography works. Thin Layer Chromatography is a way in which we can separate components of mixtures and identify qualities about their chemical nature. The TLC plate is made of a silica gel which plays an integral role in the distance the different samples will travel, which we will discuss later. For now, it is important to know that Silica gel is very polar. The solvent, which is what you are
In this lab, Thin Layer Chromatography was used to identify the components of a certain drug. To do this, the compound in question, Motrin was tested against six standards in three different solvents. The three solvent were hexanes, ethyl acetate, and 75% ethyl acetate and 25% hexane; the solution of 75% ethyl acetate and 25% hexane was determined to be the best solvent. This is due to the larger variance in RF values. The six standards that Motrin was tested against were Aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen
This lab used thin-layer chromatography to analyze the polarity of an Analtech dye mixture and the polarity of pigments isolated from a spinach leaf using liquid-liquid extraction. Chromatography is a method of separating mixtures into their pure compounds. The separation occurs because the intermolecular attractions in the mixture differ in their polarity. The stationary phase also has intermolecular attractions. Separation occurs as the mobile phase passes over the stationary phase. All types of
The Thin layer chromatography is one of the oldest techniques which is used to identify what is present in an unknown mixture. It is a very useful technique for research,forensics,environmental testing, and many more fields because it is simple and inexpensive way to analyze small samples. In this experiment two compounds (solid) were used ferrocene and acetylferrocene. In the first step 50 ml of 2:8 diethyl ether/petroleum ether was placed in an erlenmeyer flask covered with a parafilm paper to
disadvantages. The report shall then analyse associated infrastructure requirements and scenarios where both protocols could be implemented. Main Section A Brief Overview of TLS and SSH: TLS (short for Transport Layer Security) was first released in January 1999 and its main focus was to ensure secure data communication. TLS provides the means for a variety of client and server applications to converse efficiently and to rule out the possibility of any data being
the data link layer is layer two of seven and corresponds to the host-to-network layer of the TCP/IP reference model. Its main aim is to reliably transfer data between two adjacent machines whilst efficiently detecting and correcting errors in transmission. Packets from the network layer are packed into frames and transferred to the network layer on another machine. Data link layer protocols respond to the network layer and issue requests to the physical layer. The data link layer in LANs can contain
expectations by staying up under the weight of the book, not taking too long to create, and have a considerable height advantage over the other towers in the class. Design One design that we discussed consists of a tower with a rectangular base, two layers of rectangular prisms atop that base, and a pentagonal prism on the top of the structure. This design would provide the necessary support at the base and is also easy to make in twenty minutes. However, it would be lacking in height if we were to
multi-layered nature of people's personalities. As the outer skin of an onion is peeled away another layer is found beneath it, and if you remove that layer you will expose another layer, and so forth. The same holds true for people; as we get to know someone better we expose more layers of their personality and hence become closer to the core of the individual, or the private self The outer layers of our personality is the public self, or characteristics that are apparent to people we do not know
Aerosol Spray Cans Spray cans produce an aerosol, the technical term for a very fine spray. They do this by means of a pressurized propellant, which is a liquid that boils at everyday temperatures. Inside the can, a layer of gaseous pressure increased, and eventually it becomes so high that boiling stops. when the nozzle is pressed, the gas pressure forces the product up the tube in the can and out of the nozzle in a spray or foam. The propellant may emerge as well but, now under less pressure