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racial profiling and its effects on society
racial profiling in America
police and racial profiling history
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Everyday people are pulled over for speeding, and broken tail lights, but does it become an issue when law enforcement start pulling people over for no reason. Racial Profiling, while sometimes used inappropriately, can sometimes be a good thing because it can help cut down on illegal immigrants, drug trafficking, and help prevent terrorism. Many issues arise regarding legal immigrants and non-legal immigrants in quiet neighborhoods nationwide. Racial profiling has been increasing for many years, from the 1500’s up to present time. Debora Kops defines racial profiling in two ways; a narrow definition and a broad definition. Narrow definition describes stopping and searching based solely on race itself, while the broad definition not only includes race, but takes into account age, location of neighborhood, type of clothing worn, and type of vehicle, and time of day (9). When people talk of racial profiling, they only use the narrow definition; this is an incorrect definition of what racial profiling actually is. In the 1970’s, the first method of profiling was put to use in locating drug traffickers (Kops 32-35). Come the mid-1980, the government and the drug enforcement agency (DEA) started Operation Pipeline (Kops 37). Operation Pipeline is described as “An intelligence-based assessment of the method by which drug networks transported bulk drugs to drug markets” (“Data Collection” 1). Law enforcement were trained to apply a specific profile, looking for evidence of concealment in a vehicle, fast point to point driving, age and race (“Data Collection” 1). In 1988, the New Jersey police were investigated by the United States Department of Justice. During this investigation, much awareness rouse to the public defining racial prof... ... middle of paper ... ...mnesty. The Truth About Racial Profling: FIVE FACTS. 29 March 2011 . 5. Issue, At. Racial Profiling. Ed. Helen Cothran. San Diego: Thomans Gale, 2006. 6. Kops, Debora. Open for Debate: Racial Profiling. Tarrytown: Marshall Cavendish, 2007. 7. Little, Cheryl. "The War on Immigrants: Stories from the Front Lines." Summer 2008. Americas Quarterly. 29 March 2001 . 8. University, Northeastern. "B." June 2001. Racial Profiling Data Collection Resource Center at Northeastern University. 29 March 2011 . 9. Wms, Vil. Profiling in the United States: Used by Law Enforcement and More. 8 June 2008. 14 April 2011 .
Racial profiling is generally defined as discrimination put into action based on a stereotype. No one is excluded from the potential to experience some form of racial profiling, regardless of one’s race, gender, or religion. Racial profiling has existed in various forms since slavery. During the reconstruction of the South, the first sense of racial profiling began with “Black Codes”. “Black Codes” were created to maintain a new form of slavery. These “codes” made it punishable by imprisonment and indentured servitude for any African American who loitered, remained unemployed, drunk, or in debt. The “Black Codes” were a transparent form of what we call racial profiling today. From a ruling class perspective, the minority groups are constantly undermined, intimidated, attacked, imprisoned, discredited, and sometimes shot and killed. These acts take place in order for the ruling class to maintain control and in most cases unjustly abuse their power.
In the United States of America today, racial profiling is a deeply troubling national problem. Many people, usually minorities, experience it every day, as they suffer the humiliation of being stopped by police while driving, flying, or even walking for no other reason than their color, religion, or ethnicity. Racial profiling is a law enforcement practice steeped in racial stereotypes and different assumptions about the inclination of African-American, Latino, Asian, Native American or Arab people to commit particular types of crimes. The idea that people stay silent because they live in fear of being judged based on their race, allows racial profiling to live on.
The judicial system in America has always endured much skepticism as to whether or not there is racial profiling amongst arrests. The stop and frisk policy of the NYPD has caused much controversy and publicity since being applied because of the clear racial disparity in stops. Now the question remains; Are cops being racially biased when choosing whom to stop or are they just targeting “high crime” neighborhoods, thus choosing minorities by default? This paper will examine the history behind stop and frisk policies. Along with referenced facts about the Stop and Frisk Policy, this paper will include and discuss methods and findings of my own personal field research.
Wilkins, V. M., & Williams, B. N. (2008). Black or blue: Racial profiling and representative
Some consider racial profiling a viable tool to reduce crime. The New Century Foundation, a non-profit organization based in the Washington, D.C. suburb of Oakton, VA, published a report on the American Renaissance website, stating that African-Americans commit 90% of the approximately 1,700,000 interracial crimes of violence that occurs every year in the United States. They are more than fifty times more likely to commit violent crimes against whites than vice versa. According to this same report, African-Americans are much more likely to commit violent crimes than whites and wh...
Racial profiling is a wide spread term in the American justice system today, but what does it really mean? Is racial profiling just a term cooked up by criminals looking for a way to get out of trouble and have a scapegoat for their crimes? Is it really occurring in our justice system, and if so is it done intentionally? Most importantly, if racial profiling exists what steps do we take to correct it? The answer to these questions are almost impossible to find, racial profiling is one of many things within our justice system that can be disputed from any angle and has no clear cut answers. All that can be done is to study it from different views and sources and come up with one’s own conclusion on the issue.
"Feds to investigate racial profiling claims." New Haven Register [New Haven, CT] 3 Dec. 2009. General OneFile. Web. 6 Dec. 2009. .
U.S. Department of Justice. "A Resource Guide on Racial Profiling Data Collection Systems." December 2000. U.S. Department of Justice. Web. 18 June 2015.
Siggins, Peter. "Racial Profiling in an Age of Terrorism." Santa Clara University. (2002): n. page. Web. 5 Nov. 2011. .
The main benefit of racial profiling, based on opinions of others, is to save costs. The government’s resources are not unlimited, and any strategy that can be successfully used to limit the amount of money and time needed, may allow other demands of the government to use the extra resources (Huq). For racial profiling to be beneficial, the government must use this strategy properly. The race of an individual can be used as an identifier, much like gender and predominate characteristics. It would be extremely irresponsible for a police officer to search for a suspect of a recent crime and ignore their identified race when searching for the suspect. This form of profiling is acceptable because the identification of a suspect’s race allows police officers to use fewer resources than otherwise needed in a larger pool of potential suspects. Often, police officers have very little to go on when attempting to find a criminal. Officers should b...
The evidence supporting racial profiling states that this argument is invalid because many illegal acts are cited as being done by minorities, specifically in terms of gang activity. Many people feel that racial profiling is ethically sound because in order to obtain a suspect, an officer must be looking for a person with certain chara...
Racial profiling can have an effect from labeling, media propaganda, the disparency of races questioned at traffic stops, and even the selective singling out of a particular race. The outcomes of these acts of discrimination verily outdo the pros. The fear within the authorities of specific races can lead to outcomes of racial profiling to be clearly displayed. Racial Profiling can see many inopportune actions executed by the authorities, influenced by tension, fear, or human
Racial profiling is defined as targeting and further investigating a specific group of people due to that group’s race, religion, ethnicity, or national origin. The policy regarding racial profiling has been a great debate in the United States over the last few years due to tragic events that have been either a result of racial profiling, or an occurrence due to the lack of it. Like any other policy, racial profiling only began in order to protect the citizens of our country. Law enforcement is obligated to some degree to “racially profile” those who fit the criteria of targeted national threats. Unfortunately, like any other law enforced act, racial profiling can get out of hand and hurt more than save, which is obviously cruel and unfair. However, with the proper boundaries and examination, racial profiling can be more of an advantage than a disadvantage to our country and is, therefore, a policy that should continue. The
Racial profiling and the various problems that arise as a result of it bring up many controversial issues. Racial profiling is a topic that weighs heavy on the minds and opinions of many in this country. It has been the subject of many disagreements as to whether or not it actually exists. Some argue that certain races can’t see it because they never experience it, but a case can be made that all races experience it at some point. One of the most controversial is the debate of whether or not racial profiling is justified. One of the hindrances to finding an answer to this question is the fact that many agencies and departments in law enforcement refuse to cooperate with studies to
Since the 1990’s there have been great efforts to stop drug distribution and an effort to prevent crime. Also there have been concerns about illegal immigration. Profiling is one tool being used to aid the law enforcement in catching the criminals involved in these crimes. This practice, profiling, has turned into racial profiling and has generated controversy (Welch, 2007, p. 277). Even though it has been realized that profiling has changed, the motivation for its use has not. More reasons for profiling have come about from the 2001 September 11th terrorist attacks. This has led to other forms of profiling that relate more to race and national origin (Pampel, 2004, p. 3-4).