The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies... ... middle of paper ... ...& Hamilton, G. A. (2010). The long-term lived experience of patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. MEDSURG Nursing, 19(2), 113-119. Gelo, O., Braakmann, D., & Benetka, G. (2008). Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Beyond the Debate. Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science, 42(3), 266-290. doi:10.1007/s12124-008-9078-3 Kover, A. J. (2008). Qual vs quant ... again!. International Journal Of Advertising, 27(4), 663-665. Pipe, T. B., Kelly, A., LeBrun, G., Schmidt, D., Atherton, P., & Robinson, C. (2008). A prospective descriptive study exploring hope, spiritual well-being, and quality of life in hospitalized patients. MEDSURG Nursing, 17(4), 247-253. Shah, S. K., & Corley, K. G. (2006). Building Better Theory by Bridging the Quantitative–Qualitative Divide. Journal Of Management Studies, 43(8), 1821-1835. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2006.00662.x
Smyth uses a two-phase research study with questionnaires to assess how nurses effectively use spirituality on their acute care units. He found that nurses do not have a clear definition of spirituality or concept of it, but understand it is vital to patient care (Smyth, 2011). This is vital to my PICOT statement because it shows nurses want to implement a spiritual assessment, but they need a clearer understanding of what spirituality includes to better help the patient. Another article is Spirituality Self-care Effects on Quality of Life for Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Illness by White. This article expands on the Orem’s self-care deficit including spiritual self-care practices, using a study looking at the impact integrating spirituality has on the health of the patient. They found, “the use of spirituality self-care practices can promote quality of life through participation in interpersonal and intrapersonal activities that give meaning to life” (White, 2013). This is important to my PICOT because it shows the positive effects of spirituality on the quality of life the patient can have with it included versus the outcome without it. The final article is Spiritual care at the end of life, written by Wynne. Wynne looks at how health care professionals should include spirituality especially in palliative care because it
Also, the title of the article states the research is a “population study” which is a focus of a quantitative research and a component of a quantitative method. Furthermore, the authors specified a clear defined research purpose which often requires statistical methods to test the hypotheses as well as to look for the cause and effects of the variables so that predictions can be
The development of knowledge requires a number of processes in order to establish credible data to ensure the validity and appropriateness of how it can be used in the future. For the healthcare industry, this has provided the ability to create and form new types of interventions in order to give adequate care across a of number of fields within the system. Research then, has been an essential part in providing definitive data, either by disproving previous beliefs or confirming newly found data and methods. Moreover, research in itself contains its own process with a methodological approach. Of the notable methods, quantitative research is often used for its systemic approach (Polit & Beck, 2006). Thus, the use of the scientific method is used, which also utilizes the use of numerical data (Polit & Beck). Here, researches make use of creating surveys, scales, or placing a numerical value on it subjects (Polit & Beck). In the end the resulting data is neutral and statistical. However, like all things its approach is not perfect, yet, it has the ability to yield valuable data.
According to Smith (1983) quantitative research is to explain, predict and develop laws that can be universally applied and Qualitative research is the interpretation and understanding of what people give to their situation. The researchers clearly stated the purpose of their studies, aim, objectiv...
It has become of central importance in many health care settings as researchers continue to study its effects upon health (Bredly, 2011) .It can promote patients recovery and help them to successfully go through rehabilitation phase. Patients capacity to accept life with certain disabilities,positive outlook to future, feeling of internal peace reflects spiritual wellbeing in them. Hospital ambience and facilities plays a significant role; especially nurses have a prominent role in identifying and meeting the spiritual needs of patients. A state of spiritual wellbeing enables the patient to adhere to disease management and rehabilitation programs
Different styles of research are employed in research to safeguard that the facts are acquired to permit examiners to find resolution to the principal queries for the study correctly, therefore, evading uncertainty ( ). Acquiring relevant proof encompasses stipulating the type of proof mandatory in answering the query. Methodological designs encompass logical complications; therefore, matters of sampling, information gathering methods, and queries are secondary to the type of method used in research. Strategies are often compared with quantitative and qualitative research methods. Research and collective studies are often observed as principal specimens of quantitative research and are evaluated compared to the flaws and strong point of numerical, examination, and quantitative research methods ( ).
On the other hand, Quantitative research refers to “variance theory” where quantity describes the research in terms of statistical relationships between different variables (Maxwell, 2013). Quantitative research answers the questions “how much” or “how many?” Quantitative research is an objective, deductive process and is used to quantify attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and other defined variables with generalized results from a larger sample population. Much more structured than qualitative research, quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys, personal interviews and telephone interviews, polls, and systematic observations. Methods can be considered “cookie cutter” with a predetermined starting point and a fixed sequence of
In this paper, I will define quantitative and qualitative research methods and provide examples in the context of social issues which will hopefully provide insight into how this methods are properly applied.
O’Brien, M. (2011). Spirituality in nursing: Standing on holy ground. (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA. Jones & Bartlett.
Corner, J., 1991, ‘In search of more complete answers to research questions. Quantitative versus qualitative research methods: is there a way forward?’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 718-727.
Spirituality has often been defined as the search for a connection to something bigger than ourselves and this search often comes from a desire to discover a meaning for life. A person’s spirituality can be understood by how they find and receive strength, peace, and security. When a person is faced with a physical illness, these aspects of a person’s character and spirituality are put to test and often utilized to bring them a sense of hope and purpose. Therefore, as a nurse it is to important to have an understanding of spirituality and also a connection to one’s own spiritual identity because only then will the nurse be able to truly relate to each of their patients on every level of care they may require.
We believe it is clear that both qualitative and quantitative research have many benefits and many costs. In some situations the qualitative approach will be more appropriate; in other situations the quantitative approach will be more appropriate.
Quantitative research has been used in all of the three articles. They have largely been based on questionnaires and focus on group discussions. The data in the article from Rashid & Ibrahim (2008) were analyzed by descriptive statistics, such as standard deviation, Chi-square tests, t-test, one-way ANOVA & MANOVA. In addition, Chi-square tests have been also used by Ralston & Pearson (2010) during the research as well. Furthermore, there have been great differen...
Traditional research may use quantitative or qualitative research method. According to Hendricks (2009), quantitative research is a general conclusion based on hard data. Hen-dricks describe quantitativ...
Stejskal, S.M. (2010) Quatiative and Qualitative Research Methods are not and should not be Mutually Exclusive, Grinn Verlag.